5491 lines
174 KiB
Groff
5491 lines
174 KiB
Groff
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "BUSYBOX 1"
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.TH BUSYBOX 1 "2023-02-14" "version 1.36.0" "busybox"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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BusyBox \- The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
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.SH "SYNTAX"
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.IX Header "SYNTAX"
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|
.Vb 1
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\& busybox <applet> [arguments...] # or
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\&
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\& <applet> [arguments...] # if symlinked
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.Ve
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|
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
|
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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|
BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common \s-1UNIX\s0 utilities into a single
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|
small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities
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|
you usually find in \s-1GNU\s0 coreutils, util-linux, etc. The utilities in BusyBox
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|
generally have fewer options than their full-featured \s-1GNU\s0 cousins; however, the
|
|
options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very
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|
much like their \s-1GNU\s0 counterparts.
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|
.PP
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|
BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind.
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|
It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or
|
|
features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded
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|
systems. To create a working system, just add /dev, /etc, and a Linux kernel.
|
|
BusyBox provides a fairly complete \s-1POSIX\s0 environment for any small or embedded
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|
system.
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|
.PP
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|
BusyBox is extremely configurable. This allows you to include only the
|
|
components you need, thereby reducing binary size. Run 'make config' or 'make
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|
menuconfig' to select the functionality that you wish to enable. Then run
|
|
\&'make' to compile BusyBox using your configuration.
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|
.PP
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|
After the compile has finished, you should use 'make install' to install
|
|
BusyBox. This will install the 'bin/busybox' binary, in the target directory
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|
specified by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX. CONFIG_PREFIX\s0 can be set when configuring BusyBox,
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|
or you can specify an alternative location at install time (i.e., with a
|
|
command line like 'make CONFIG_PREFIX=/tmp/foo install'). If you enabled
|
|
any applet installation scheme (either as symlinks or hardlinks), these will
|
|
also be installed in the location pointed to by \s-1CONFIG_PREFIX.\s0
|
|
.SH "USAGE"
|
|
.IX Header "USAGE"
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|
BusyBox is a multi-call binary. A multi-call binary is an executable program
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|
that performs the same job as more than one utility program. That means there
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|
is just a single BusyBox binary, but that single binary acts like a large
|
|
number of utilities. This allows BusyBox to be smaller since all the built-in
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|
utility programs (we call them applets) can share code for many common
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|
operations.
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.PP
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|
You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing a command as an argument on the
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|
command line. For example, entering
|
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.PP
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|
.Vb 1
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|
\& /bin/busybox ls
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|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
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|
will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Of course, adding '/bin/busybox' into every command would be painful. So most
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|
people will invoke BusyBox using links to the BusyBox binary.
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|
.PP
|
|
For example, entering
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& ln \-s /bin/busybox ls
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|
\& ./ls
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled
|
|
into BusyBox). Generally speaking, you should never need to make all these
|
|
links yourself, as the BusyBox build system will do this for you when you run
|
|
the 'make install' command.
|
|
.PP
|
|
If you invoke BusyBox with no arguments, it will provide you with a list of the
|
|
applets that have been compiled into your BusyBox binary.
|
|
.SH "COMMON OPTIONS"
|
|
.IX Header "COMMON OPTIONS"
|
|
Most BusyBox applets support the \fB\-\-help\fR argument to provide a terse runtime
|
|
description of their behavior. If the \s-1CONFIG_FEATURE_VERBOSE_USAGE\s0 option has
|
|
been enabled, more detailed usage information will also be available.
|
|
.SH "COMMANDS"
|
|
.IX Header "COMMANDS"
|
|
Currently available applets include:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& [, [[, acpid, add\-shell, addgroup, adduser, adjtimex, arch, arp,
|
|
\& arping, ascii, ash, awk, base32, base64, basename, bc, beep,
|
|
\& blkdiscard, blkid, blockdev, bootchartd, brctl, bunzip2, bzcat,
|
|
\& bzip2, cal, cat, chat, chattr, chgrp, chmod, chown, chpasswd, chpst,
|
|
\& chroot, chrt, chvt, cksum, clear, cmp, comm, conspy, cp, cpio,
|
|
\& crc32, crond, crontab, cryptpw, cttyhack, cut, date, dc, dd,
|
|
\& deallocvt, delgroup, deluser, depmod, devmem, df, dhcprelay, diff,
|
|
\& dirname, dmesg, dnsd, dnsdomainname, dos2unix, dpkg, dpkg\-deb, du,
|
|
\& dumpkmap, dumpleases, echo, ed, egrep, eject, env, envdir,
|
|
\& envuidgid, ether\-wake, expand, expr, factor, fakeidentd, fallocate,
|
|
\& false, fatattr, fbset, fbsplash, fdflush, fdformat, fdisk,
|
|
\& fgconsole, fgrep, find, findfs, flock, fold, free, freeramdisk,
|
|
\& fsck, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, fsync, ftpd, ftpget, ftpput,
|
|
\& fuser, getopt, getty, grep, groups, gunzip, gzip, halt, hd, hdparm,
|
|
\& head, hexdump, hexedit, hostid, hostname, httpd, hush, hwclock,
|
|
\& i2cdetect, i2cdump, i2cget, i2cset, i2ctransfer, id, ifconfig,
|
|
\& ifdown, ifenslave, ifplugd, ifup, inetd, init, insmod, install,
|
|
\& ionice, iostat, ip, ipaddr, ipcalc, ipcrm, ipcs, iplink, ipneigh,
|
|
\& iproute, iprule, iptunnel, kbd_mode, kill, killall, killall5, klogd,
|
|
\& last, less, link, linux32, linux64, linuxrc, ln, loadfont, loadkmap,
|
|
\& logger, login, logname, logread, losetup, lpd, lpq, lpr, ls, lsattr,
|
|
\& lsmod, lsof, lspci, lsscsi, lsusb, lzcat, lzma, lzop, makedevs,
|
|
\& makemime, man, md5sum, mdev, mesg, microcom, mim, mkdir, mkdosfs,
|
|
\& mke2fs, mkfifo, mkfs.ext2, mkfs.minix, mkfs.vfat, mknod, mkpasswd,
|
|
\& mkswap, mktemp, modinfo, modprobe, more, mount, mountpoint, mpstat,
|
|
\& mt, mv, nameif, nanddump, nandwrite, nbd\-client, nc, netstat, nice,
|
|
\& nl, nmeter, nohup, nologin, nproc, nsenter, nslookup, ntpd, od,
|
|
\& openvt, partprobe, passwd, paste, patch, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6,
|
|
\& pipe_progress, pivot_root, pkill, pmap, popmaildir, poweroff,
|
|
\& powertop, printenv, printf, ps, pscan, pstree, pwd, pwdx,
|
|
\& raidautorun, rdate, rdev, readahead, readlink, readprofile,
|
|
\& realpath, reboot, reformime, remove\-shell, renice, reset, resize,
|
|
\& resume, rev, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, rpm, rpm2cpio, rtcwake,
|
|
\& run\-init, run\-parts, runlevel, runsv, runsvdir, rx, script,
|
|
\& scriptreplay, sed, seedrng, sendmail, seq, setarch, setconsole,
|
|
\& setfattr, setfont, setkeycodes, setlogcons, setpriv, setserial,
|
|
\& setsid, setuidgid, sh, sha1sum, sha256sum, sha3sum, sha512sum,
|
|
\& showkey, shred, shuf, slattach, sleep, smemcap, softlimit, sort,
|
|
\& split, ssl_client, start\-stop\-daemon, stat, strings, stty, su,
|
|
\& sulogin, sum, sv, svc, svlogd, svok, swapoff, swapon, switch_root,
|
|
\& sync, sysctl, syslogd, tac, tail, tar, taskset, tc, tcpsvd, tee,
|
|
\& telnet, telnetd, test, tftp, tftpd, time, timeout, top, touch, tr,
|
|
\& traceroute, traceroute6, tree, true, truncate, ts, tsort, tty,
|
|
\& ttysize, tunctl, ubiattach, ubidetach, ubimkvol, ubirename,
|
|
\& ubirmvol, ubirsvol, ubiupdatevol, udhcpc, udhcpc6, udhcpd, udpsvd,
|
|
\& uevent, umount, uname, unexpand, uniq, unix2dos, unlink, unlzma,
|
|
\& unshare, unxz, unzip, uptime, users, usleep, uudecode, uuencode,
|
|
\& vconfig, vi, vlock, volname, w, wall, watch, watchdog, wc, wget,
|
|
\& which, who, whoami, whois, xargs, xxd, xz, xzcat, yes, zcat, zcip
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.SH "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS"
|
|
.IX Header "COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS"
|
|
.IP "\fBacpid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "acpid"
|
|
acpid [\-df] [\-c \s-1CONFDIR\s0] [\-l \s-1LOGFILE\s0] [\-a \s-1ACTIONFILE\s0] [\-M \s-1MAPFILE\s0] [\-e \s-1PROC_EVENT_FILE\s0] [\-p \s-1PIDFILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Listen to \s-1ACPI\s0 events and spawn specific helpers on event arrival
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-d Log to stderr, not log file (implies \-f)
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-c DIR Config directory [/etc/acpi]
|
|
\& \-e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
|
|
\& \-l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid.log]
|
|
\& \-p FILE Pid file [/var/run/acpid.pid]
|
|
\& \-a FILE Action file [/etc/acpid.conf]
|
|
\& \-M FILE Map file [/etc/acpi.map]
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Accept and ignore compatibility options \-g \-m \-s \-S \-v
|
|
.IP "\fBadd-shell\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "add-shell"
|
|
add-shell \s-1SHELL...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Add SHELLs to /etc/shells
|
|
.IP "\fBaddgroup\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "addgroup"
|
|
addgroup [\-g \s-1GID\s0] [\-S] [\s-1USER\s0] \s-1GROUP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Add a group or add a user to a group
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-g GID Group id
|
|
\& \-S Create a system group
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBadduser\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "adduser"
|
|
adduser [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1USER\s0 [\s-1GROUP\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create new user, or add \s-1USER\s0 to \s-1GROUP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-h DIR Home directory
|
|
\& \-g GECOS GECOS field
|
|
\& \-s SHELL Login shell
|
|
\& \-G GRP Group
|
|
\& \-S Create a system user
|
|
\& \-D Don\*(Aqt assign a password
|
|
\& \-H Don\*(Aqt create home directory
|
|
\& \-u UID User id
|
|
\& \-k SKEL Skeleton directory (/etc/skel)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBadjtimex\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "adjtimex"
|
|
adjtimex [\-q] [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] [\-f \s-1FREQ\s0] [\-p \s-1TCONST\s0] [\-t \s-1TICK\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Read or set kernel time variables. See \fBadjtimex\fR\|(2)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-o OFF Time offset, microseconds
|
|
\& \-f FREQ Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
|
|
\& \-t TICK Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
|
|
\& (positive \-t or \-f values make clock run faster)
|
|
\& \-p TCONST
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBarch\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "arch"
|
|
arch
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print system architecture
|
|
.IP "\fBarp\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "arp"
|
|
arp
|
|
[\-vn] [\-H \s-1HWTYPE\s0] [\-i \s-1IF\s0] \-a [\s-1HOSTNAME\s0]
|
|
[\-v] [\-i \s-1IF\s0] \-d \s-1HOSTNAME\s0 [pub]
|
|
[\-v] [\-H \s-1HWTYPE\s0] [\-i \s-1IF\s0] \-s \s-1HOSTNAME HWADDR\s0 [temp]
|
|
[\-v] [\-H \s-1HWTYPE\s0] [\-i \s-1IF\s0] \-s \s-1HOSTNAME HWADDR\s0 [netmask \s-1MASK\s0] pub
|
|
[\-v] [\-H \s-1HWTYPE\s0] [\-i \s-1IF\s0] \-Ds \s-1HOSTNAME IFACE\s0 [netmask \s-1MASK\s0] pub
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Manipulate \s-1ARP\s0 cache
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-a Display (all) hosts
|
|
\& \-d Delete ARP entry
|
|
\& \-s Set new entry
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names
|
|
\& \-i IF Network interface
|
|
\& \-D Read HWADDR from IFACE
|
|
\& \-A,\-p AF Protocol family
|
|
\& \-H HWTYPE Hardware address type
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBarping\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "arping"
|
|
arping [\-fqbDUA] [\-c \s-1CNT\s0] [\-w \s-1TIMEOUT\s0] [\-I \s-1IFACE\s0] [\-s \s-1SRC_IP\s0] \s-1DST_IP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send \s-1ARP\s0 requests/replies
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 11
|
|
\& \-f Quit on first ARP reply
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-b Keep broadcasting, don\*(Aqt go unicast
|
|
\& \-D Exit with 1 if DST_IP replies
|
|
\& \-U Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
|
|
\& \-A ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
|
|
\& \-c N Stop after sending N ARP requests
|
|
\& \-w TIMEOUT Seconds to wait for ARP reply
|
|
\& \-I IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
|
|
\& \-s SRC_IP Sender IP address
|
|
\& DST_IP Target IP address
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBash\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ash"
|
|
ash [\-il] [\-|+Cabefmnuvx] [\-|+o \s-1OPT\s0]... [\-c '\s-1SCRIPT\s0' [\s-1ARG0 ARGS\s0] | \s-1FILE ARGS\s0 | \-s \s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Unix shell interpreter
|
|
.IP "\fBawk\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "awk"
|
|
awk [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1AWK_PROGRAM\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-v VAR=VAL Set variable
|
|
\& \-F SEP Use SEP as field separator
|
|
\& \-f FILE Read program from FILE
|
|
\& \-e AWK_PROGRAM
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBbase32\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "base32"
|
|
base32 [\-d] [\-w \s-1COL\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Base32 encode or decode \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-d Decode data
|
|
\& \-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBbase64\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "base64"
|
|
base64 [\-d] [\-w \s-1COL\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Base64 encode or decode \s-1FILE\s0 to standard output
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-d Decode data
|
|
\& \-w COL Wrap lines at COL (default 76, 0 disables)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBbasename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "basename"
|
|
basename \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1SUFFIX\s0] | \-a \s-1FILE...\s0 | \-s \s-1SUFFIX FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Strip directory path and \s-1SUFFIX\s0 from \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-a All arguments are FILEs
|
|
\& \-s SUFFIX Remove SUFFIX (implies \-a)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBbc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "bc"
|
|
bc [\-sqlw] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Arbitrary precision calculator
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-l Load standard library
|
|
\& \-s Be POSIX compatible
|
|
\& \-w Warn if extensions are used
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\f(CW$BC_LINE_LENGTH\fR changes output width
|
|
.IP "\fBbeep\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "beep"
|
|
beep \-f \s-1FREQ\s0 \-l \s-1LEN\s0 \-d \s-1DELAY\s0 \-r \s-1COUNT\s0 \-n
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-f Frequency in Hz
|
|
\& \-l Length in ms
|
|
\& \-d Delay in ms
|
|
\& \-r Repetitions
|
|
\& \-n Start new tone
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBblkdiscard\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "blkdiscard"
|
|
blkdiscard [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] [\-l \s-1LEN\s0] [\-s] \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Discard sectors on \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-o OFS Byte offset into device
|
|
\& \-l LEN Number of bytes to discard
|
|
\& \-s Perform a secure discard
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBblkid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "blkid"
|
|
blkid [\s-1BLOCKDEV\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print UUIDs of all filesystems
|
|
.IP "\fBblockdev\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "blockdev"
|
|
blockdev \s-1OPTION BLOCKDEV\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& \-\-setro Set ro
|
|
\& \-\-setrw Set rw
|
|
\& \-\-getro Get ro
|
|
\& \-\-getss Get sector size
|
|
\& \-\-getbsz Get block size
|
|
\& \-\-setbsz BYTES Set block size
|
|
\& \-\-getsz Get device size in 512\-byte sectors
|
|
\& \-\-getsize64 Get device size in bytes
|
|
\& \-\-getra Get readahead in 512\-byte sectors
|
|
\& \-\-setra SECTORS Set readahead
|
|
\& \-\-flushbufs Flush buffers
|
|
\& \-\-rereadpt Reread partition table
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBbootchartd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "bootchartd"
|
|
bootchartd start [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]|stop|init
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create /var/log/bootchart.tgz with boot chart data
|
|
.Sp
|
|
start: start background logging; with \s-1PROG,\s0 run \s-1PROG,\s0 then kill logging with \s-1USR1\s0
|
|
stop: send \s-1USR1\s0 to all bootchartd processes
|
|
init: start background logging; stop when getty/xdm is seen (for init scripts)
|
|
Under \s-1PID 1:\s0 as init, then exec \f(CW$bootchart_init\fR, /init, /sbin/init
|
|
.IP "\fBbrctl\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "brctl"
|
|
brctl \s-1COMMAND\s0 [\s-1BRIDGE\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Manage ethernet bridges
|
|
Commands:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& show [BRIDGE]... Show bridges
|
|
\& addbr BRIDGE Create BRIDGE
|
|
\& delbr BRIDGE Delete BRIDGE
|
|
\& addif BRIDGE IFACE Add IFACE to BRIDGE
|
|
\& delif BRIDGE IFACE Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
|
|
\& showmacs BRIDGE List MAC addresses
|
|
\& showstp BRIDGE Show STP info
|
|
\& stp BRIDGE 1/yes/on|0/no/off Set STP on/off
|
|
\& setageing BRIDGE SECONDS Set ageing time
|
|
\& setfd BRIDGE SECONDS Set bridge forward delay
|
|
\& sethello BRIDGE SECONDS Set hello time
|
|
\& setmaxage BRIDGE SECONDS Set max message age
|
|
\& setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO Set bridge priority
|
|
\& setportprio BRIDGE IFACE PRIO Set port priority
|
|
\& setpathcost BRIDGE IFACE COST Set path cost
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBbunzip2\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "bunzip2"
|
|
bunzip2 [\-cfk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBbzcat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "bzcat"
|
|
bzcat [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress to stdout
|
|
.IP "\fBbzip2\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "bzip2"
|
|
bzip2 [\-cfkdt123456789] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Compress FILEs (or stdin) with bzip2 algorithm
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-1..9 Compression level
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcal\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cal"
|
|
cal [\-jmy] [[\s-1MONTH\s0] \s-1YEAR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display a calendar
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-j Use julian dates
|
|
\& \-m Week starts on Monday
|
|
\& \-y Display the entire year
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cat"
|
|
cat [\-nbvteA] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print FILEs to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-n Number output lines
|
|
\& \-b Number nonempty lines
|
|
\& \-v Show nonprinting characters as ^x or M\-x
|
|
\& \-t ...and tabs as ^I
|
|
\& \-e ...and end lines with $
|
|
\& \-A Same as \-vte
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chat"
|
|
chat \s-1EXPECT\s0 [\s-1SEND\s0 [\s-1EXPECT\s0 [\s-1SEND\s0]]...]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout.
|
|
A script consists of \*(L"expect-send\*(R" argument pairs.
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
chat '' \s-1ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT\s0 '' ogin: pppuser word: ppppass '~'
|
|
.IP "\fBchattr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chattr"
|
|
chattr [\-R] [\-v \s-1VERSION\s0] [\-p \s-1PROJID\s0] [\-+=AacDdijsStTu] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change ext2 file attributes
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
|
\& \-v NUM Set version/generation number
|
|
\& \-p NUM Set project number
|
|
\&Modifiers:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-,+,= Remove/add/set attributes
|
|
\&Attributes:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& A No atime
|
|
\& a Append only
|
|
\& C No copy\-on\-write
|
|
\& c Compressed
|
|
\& D Synchronous dir updates
|
|
\& d Don\*(Aqt backup with dump
|
|
\& E Encrypted
|
|
\& e File uses extents
|
|
\& F Case\-insensitive dir
|
|
\& I Indexed dir
|
|
\& i Immutable
|
|
\& j Write data to journal first
|
|
\& N File is stored in inode
|
|
\& P Hierarchical project ID dir
|
|
\& S Synchronous file updates
|
|
\& s Zero storage when deleted
|
|
\& T Top of dir hierarchy
|
|
\& t Don\*(Aqt tail\-merge with other files
|
|
\& u Allow undelete
|
|
\& V Verity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchgrp\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chgrp"
|
|
chgrp [\-RhLHPcvf]... \s-1GROUP FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change the group membership of FILEs to \s-1GROUP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
|
|
\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
|
|
\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
|
|
\& \-P Don\*(Aqt traverse symlinks (default)
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
|
\& \-c List changed files
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-f Hide errors
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchmod\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chmod"
|
|
chmod [\-Rcvf] MODE[,MODE]... \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1MODE\s0 is octal number (bit pattern sstrwxrwxrwx) or [ugoa]{+|\-|=}[rwxXst]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
|
\& \-c List changed files
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-f Hide errors
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchown\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chown"
|
|
chown [\-RhLHPcvf]... USER[:[\s-1GRP\s0]] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change the owner and/or group of FILEs to \s-1USER\s0 and/or \s-1GRP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-h Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
|
|
\& \-L Traverse all symlinks to directories
|
|
\& \-H Traverse symlinks on command line only
|
|
\& \-P Don\*(Aqt traverse symlinks (default)
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
|
\& \-c List changed files
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-f Hide errors
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchpasswd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chpasswd"
|
|
chpasswd [\-me] [\-c \s-1ALG\s0] [\-R \s-1DIR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-e Supplied passwords are in encrypted form
|
|
\& \-m Encrypt using md5, not des
|
|
\& \-c ALG des,md5,sha256/512 (default des)
|
|
\& \-R DIR Directory to chroot into
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchpst\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chpst"
|
|
chpst [\-vP012] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-U USER[:GRP]] [\-e \s-1DIR\s0]
|
|
[\-/ \s-1DIR\s0] [\-n \s-1NICE\s0] [\-m \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-d \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-o N]
|
|
[\-p N] [\-f \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-c \s-1BYTES\s0] \s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change the process state, run \s-1PROG\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid and gid
|
|
\& \-U USER[:GRP] Set $UID and $GID in environment
|
|
\& \-e DIR Set environment variables as specified by files
|
|
\& in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
|
|
\& \-/ DIR Chroot to DIR
|
|
\& \-n NICE Add NICE to nice value
|
|
\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES
|
|
\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment
|
|
\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process
|
|
\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid
|
|
\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes
|
|
\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-P Create new process group
|
|
\& \-0 Close stdin
|
|
\& \-1 Close stdout
|
|
\& \-2 Close stderr
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchroot\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chroot"
|
|
chroot \s-1NEWROOT\s0 [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 with root directory set to \s-1NEWROOT\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBchrt\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chrt"
|
|
chrt \-m | \-p [\s-1PRIO\s0] \s-1PID\s0 | [\-rfobi] \s-1PRIO PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change scheduling priority and class for a process
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-m Show min/max priorities
|
|
\& \-p Operate on PID
|
|
\& \-r Set SCHED_RR class
|
|
\& \-f Set SCHED_FIFO class
|
|
\& \-o Set SCHED_OTHER class
|
|
\& \-b Set SCHED_BATCH class
|
|
\& \-i Set SCHED_IDLE class
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBchvt\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "chvt"
|
|
chvt N
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN
|
|
.IP "\fBcksum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cksum"
|
|
cksum \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Calculate \s-1CRC32\s0 checksum of FILEs
|
|
.IP "\fBclear\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "clear"
|
|
clear
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Clear screen
|
|
.IP "\fBcmp\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cmp"
|
|
cmp [\-ls] [\-n \s-1NUM\s0] \s-1FILE1\s0 [\s-1FILE2\s0 [\s-1SKIP1\s0 [\s-1SKIP2\s0]]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Compare \s-1FILE1\s0 with \s-1FILE2\s0 (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-l Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
|
|
\& for all differing bytes
|
|
\& \-s Quiet
|
|
\& \-n NUM Compare at most NUM bytes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcomm\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "comm"
|
|
comm [\-123] \s-1FILE1 FILE2\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Compare \s-1FILE1\s0 with \s-1FILE2\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-1 Suppress lines unique to FILE1
|
|
\& \-2 Suppress lines unique to FILE2
|
|
\& \-3 Suppress lines common to both files
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBconspy\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "conspy"
|
|
conspy [\-vcsndfFQ] [\-x \s-1COL\s0] [\-y \s-1LINE\s0] [\s-1CONSOLE_NO\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
A text-mode \s-1VNC\s0 like program for Linux virtual consoles.
|
|
To exit, quickly press \s-1ESC 3\s0 times.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-v Don\*(Aqt send keystrokes to the console
|
|
\& \-c Create missing /dev/{tty,vcsa}N
|
|
\& \-s Open a SHELL session
|
|
\& \-n Black & white
|
|
\& \-d Dump console to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Follow cursor
|
|
\& \-F Assume console is on a framebuffer device
|
|
\& \-Q Disable exit on ESC\-ESC\-ESC
|
|
\& \-x COL Starting column
|
|
\& \-y LINE Starting line
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcp\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cp"
|
|
cp [\-arPLHpfinlsTu] \s-1SOURCE DEST\s0
|
|
or: cp [\-arPLHpfinlsu] \s-1SOURCE...\s0 { \-t \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 | \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Copy SOURCEs to \s-1DEST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-a Same as \-dpR
|
|
\& \-R,\-r Recurse
|
|
\& \-d,\-P Preserve symlinks (default if \-R)
|
|
\& \-L Follow all symlinks
|
|
\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line
|
|
\& \-p Preserve file attributes if possible
|
|
\& \-f Overwrite
|
|
\& \-i Prompt before overwrite
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt overwrite
|
|
\& \-l,\-s Create (sym)links
|
|
\& \-T Refuse to copy if DEST is a directory
|
|
\& \-t DIR Copy all SOURCEs into DIR
|
|
\& \-u Copy only newer files
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcpio\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cpio"
|
|
cpio [\-dmvu] [\-F \s-1FILE\s0] [\-R USER[:GRP]] [\-H newc] [\-tio] [\-p \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1EXTR_FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Extract (\-i) or list (\-t) files from a cpio archive, or
|
|
take file list from stdin and create an archive (\-o) or copy files (\-p)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Main operation mode:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-t List
|
|
\& \-i Extract EXTR_FILEs (or all)
|
|
\& \-o Create (requires \-H newc)
|
|
\& \-p DIR Copy files to DIR
|
|
\&Options:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-H newc Archive format
|
|
\& \-d Make leading directories
|
|
\& \-m Restore mtime
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-u Overwrite
|
|
\& \-F FILE Input (\-t,\-i,\-p) or output (\-o) file
|
|
\& \-R USER[:GRP] Set owner of created files
|
|
\& \-L Dereference symlinks
|
|
\& \-0 NUL terminated input
|
|
\& \-\-ignore\-devno
|
|
\& \-\-renumber\-inodes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcrc32\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "crc32"
|
|
crc32 \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Calculate \s-1CRC32\s0 checksum of FILEs
|
|
.IP "\fBcrond\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "crond"
|
|
crond [\-fbS] [\-l N] [\-d N] [\-L \s-1LOGFILE\s0] [\-c \s-1DIR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-f Foreground
|
|
\& \-b Background (default)
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog (default)
|
|
\& \-l N Set log level. Most verbose 0, default 8
|
|
\& \-d N Set log level, log to stderr
|
|
\& \-L FILE Log to FILE
|
|
\& \-c DIR Cron dir. Default:/var/spool/cron/crontabs
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcrontab\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "crontab"
|
|
crontab [\-c \s-1DIR\s0] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-ler]|[\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-c Crontab directory
|
|
\& \-u User
|
|
\& \-l List crontab
|
|
\& \-e Edit crontab
|
|
\& \-r Delete crontab
|
|
\& FILE Replace crontab by FILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq: stdin)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcryptpw\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cryptpw"
|
|
cryptpw [\-P \s-1FD\s0] [\-m \s-1TYPE\s0] [\-S \s-1SALT\s0] [\s-1PASSWORD\s0] [\s-1SALT\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print \fBcrypt\fR\|(3) hashed \s-1PASSWORD\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-P N Read password from fd N
|
|
\& \-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512 (default des)
|
|
\& \-S SALT
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcttyhack\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cttyhack"
|
|
cttyhack [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Give \s-1PROG\s0 a controlling tty if possible.
|
|
Example for /etc/inittab (for busybox init):
|
|
::respawn:/bin/cttyhack /bin/sh
|
|
Giving controlling tty to shell running with \s-1PID 1:\s0
|
|
$ exec cttyhack sh
|
|
Starting interactive shell from boot shell script:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& setsid cttyhack sh
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBcut\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "cut"
|
|
cut [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print selected fields from FILEs to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
|
|
\& \-c LIST Output only characters from LIST
|
|
\& \-d SEP Field delimiter for input (default \-f TAB, \-F run of whitespace)
|
|
\& \-O SEP Field delimeter for output (default = \-d for \-f, one space for \-F)
|
|
\& \-D Don\*(Aqt sort/collate sections or match \-fF lines without delimeter
|
|
\& \-f LIST Print only these fields (\-d is single char)
|
|
\& \-F LIST Print only these fields (\-d is regex)
|
|
\& \-s Output only lines containing delimiter
|
|
\& \-n Ignored
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdate\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "date"
|
|
date [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [+FMT] [[\-s] \s-1TIME\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display time (using +FMT), or set time
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-u Work in UTC (don\*(Aqt convert to local time)
|
|
\& [\-s] TIME Set time to TIME
|
|
\& \-d TIME Display TIME, not \*(Aqnow\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-D FMT FMT (strptime format) for \-s/\-d TIME conversion
|
|
\& \-r FILE Display last modification time of FILE
|
|
\& \-R Output RFC\-2822 date
|
|
\& \-I[SPEC] Output ISO\-8601 date
|
|
\& SPEC=date (default), hours, minutes, seconds or ns
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Recognized \s-1TIME\s0 formats:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& @seconds_since_1970
|
|
\& hh:mm[:ss]
|
|
\& [YYYY.]MM.DD\-hh:mm[:ss]
|
|
\& YYYY\-MM\-DD hh:mm[:ss]
|
|
\& [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]
|
|
\& \*(Aqdate TIME\*(Aq form accepts MMDDhhmm[[YY]YY][.ss] instead
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dc"
|
|
dc [\-x] [\-eSCRIPT]... [\-fFILE]... [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Tiny \s-1RPN\s0 calculator. Operations:
|
|
Arithmetic: + \- * / % ^
|
|
~ \- divide with remainder
|
|
| \- modular exponentiation
|
|
v \- square root
|
|
p \- print top of the stack without popping
|
|
f \- print entire stack
|
|
k \- pop the value and set precision
|
|
i \- pop the value and set input radix
|
|
o \- pop the value and set output radix
|
|
Examples: dc \-e'2 2 + p' \-> 4, dc \-e'8 8 * 2 2 + / p' \-> 16
|
|
.IP "\fBdd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dd"
|
|
dd [if=FILE] [of=FILE] [ibs=N obs=N/bs=N] [count=N] [skip=N] [seek=N]
|
|
[conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync]
|
|
[iflag=skip_bytes|count_bytes|fullblock|direct] [oflag=seek_bytes|append|direct]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Copy a file with converting and formatting
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
|
|
\& of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout
|
|
\& bs=N Read and write N bytes at a time
|
|
\& ibs=N Read N bytes at a time
|
|
\& obs=N Write N bytes at a time
|
|
\& count=N Copy only N input blocks
|
|
\& skip=N Skip N input blocks
|
|
\& seek=N Skip N output blocks
|
|
\& conv=notrunc Don\*(Aqt truncate output file
|
|
\& conv=noerror Continue after read errors
|
|
\& conv=sync Pad blocks with zeros
|
|
\& conv=fsync Physically write data out before finishing
|
|
\& conv=swab Swap every pair of bytes
|
|
\& iflag=skip_bytes skip=N is in bytes
|
|
\& iflag=count_bytes count=N is in bytes
|
|
\& oflag=seek_bytes seek=N is in bytes
|
|
\& iflag=direct O_DIRECT input
|
|
\& oflag=direct O_DIRECT output
|
|
\& iflag=fullblock Read full blocks
|
|
\& oflag=append Open output in append mode
|
|
\& status=noxfer Suppress rate output
|
|
\& status=none Suppress all output
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
N may be suffixed by c (1), w (2), b (512), kB (1000), k (1024), \s-1MB, M, GB, G\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBdeallocvt\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "deallocvt"
|
|
deallocvt [N]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN
|
|
.IP "\fBdelgroup\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "delgroup"
|
|
delgroup [\s-1USER\s0] \s-1GROUP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Delete group \s-1GROUP\s0 from the system or user \s-1USER\s0 from group \s-1GROUP\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBdeluser\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "deluser"
|
|
deluser [\-\-remove\-home] \s-1USER\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Delete \s-1USER\s0 from the system
|
|
.IP "\fBdepmod\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "depmod"
|
|
depmod [\-n]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Generate modules.dep.bb
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-n Dry run: print file to stdout
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdevmem\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "devmem"
|
|
devmem \s-1ADDRESS\s0 [\s-1WIDTH\s0 [\s-1VALUE\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Read/write from physical address
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& ADDRESS Address to act upon
|
|
\& WIDTH Width (8/16/...)
|
|
\& VALUE Data to be written
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdf\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "df"
|
|
df [\-PkmhTai] [\-B \s-1SIZE\s0] [\-t \s-1TYPE\s0] [\s-1FILESYSTEM\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print filesystem usage statistics
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-P POSIX output format
|
|
\& \-k 1024\-byte blocks (default)
|
|
\& \-m 1M\-byte blocks
|
|
\& \-h Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
|
|
\& \-T Print filesystem type
|
|
\& \-t TYPE Print only mounts of this type
|
|
\& \-a Show all filesystems
|
|
\& \-i Inodes
|
|
\& \-B SIZE Blocksize
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdhcprelay\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dhcprelay"
|
|
dhcprelay CLIENT_IFACE[,CLIENT_IFACE2]... \s-1SERVER_IFACE\s0 [\s-1SERVER_IP\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Relay \s-1DHCP\s0 requests between clients and server.
|
|
Without \s-1SERVER_IP,\s0 requests are broadcast on \s-1SERVER_IFACE.\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBdiff\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "diff"
|
|
diff [\-abBdiNqrTstw] [\-L \s-1LABEL\s0] [\-S \s-1FILE\s0] [\-U \s-1LINES\s0] \s-1FILE1 FILE2\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Compare files line by line and output the differences between them.
|
|
This implementation supports unified diffs only.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-a Treat all files as text
|
|
\& \-b Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
|
|
\& \-B Ignore changes whose lines are all blank
|
|
\& \-d Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
|
|
\& \-i Ignore case differences
|
|
\& \-L Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
|
|
\& \-N Treat absent files as empty
|
|
\& \-q Output only whether files differ
|
|
\& \-r Recurse
|
|
\& \-S Start with FILE when comparing directories
|
|
\& \-T Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
|
|
\& \-s Report when two files are the same
|
|
\& \-t Expand tabs to spaces in output
|
|
\& \-U Output LINES lines of context
|
|
\& \-w Ignore all whitespace
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdirname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dirname"
|
|
dirname \s-1FILENAME\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Strip non-directory suffix from \s-1FILENAME\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBdmesg\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dmesg"
|
|
dmesg [\-cr] [\-n \s-1LEVEL\s0] [\-s \s-1SIZE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print or control the kernel ring buffer
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-c Clear ring buffer after printing
|
|
\& \-n LEVEL Set console logging level
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Buffer size
|
|
\& \-r Print raw message buffer
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdnsd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dnsd"
|
|
dnsd [\-dvs] [\-c \s-1CONFFILE\s0] [\-t \s-1TTL_SEC\s0] [\-p \s-1PORT\s0] [\-i \s-1ADDR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Small static \s-1DNS\s0 server daemon
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-c FILE Config file
|
|
\& \-t SEC TTL
|
|
\& \-p PORT Listen on PORT
|
|
\& \-i ADDR Listen on ADDR
|
|
\& \-d Daemonize
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-s Send successful replies only. Use this if you want
|
|
\& to use /etc/resolv.conf with two nameserver lines:
|
|
\& nameserver DNSD_SERVER
|
|
\& nameserver NORMAL_DNS_SERVER
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdos2unix\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dos2unix"
|
|
dos2unix [\-ud] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Convert \s-1FILE\s0 in-place from \s-1DOS\s0 to Unix format.
|
|
When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-u dos2unix
|
|
\& \-d unix2dos
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdpkg\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dpkg"
|
|
dpkg [\-ilCPru] [\-F \s-1OPT\s0] \s-1PACKAGE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Install, remove and manage Debian packages
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-i,\-\-install Install the package
|
|
\& \-l,\-\-list List of installed packages
|
|
\& \-\-configure Configure an unpackaged package
|
|
\& \-P,\-\-purge Purge all files of a package
|
|
\& \-r,\-\-remove Remove all but the configuration files for a package
|
|
\& \-\-unpack Unpack a package, but don\*(Aqt configure it
|
|
\& \-\-force\-depends Ignore dependency problems
|
|
\& \-\-force\-confnew Overwrite existing config files when installing
|
|
\& \-\-force\-confold Keep old config files when installing
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdpkg-deb\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dpkg-deb"
|
|
dpkg-deb [\-cefxX] \s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1DIR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Perform actions on Debian packages (.deb)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-c List files
|
|
\& \-f Print control fields
|
|
\& \-e Extract control files to DIR (default: ./DEBIAN)
|
|
\& \-x Extract files to DIR (no default)
|
|
\& \-X Verbose extract
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdu\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "du"
|
|
du [\-aHLdclsxhmk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Summarize disk space used for FILEs (or directories)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& \-a Show file sizes too
|
|
\& \-b Apparent size (including holes)
|
|
\& \-L Follow all symlinks
|
|
\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line
|
|
\& \-d N Limit output to directories (and files with \-a) of depth < N
|
|
\& \-c Show grand total
|
|
\& \-l Count sizes many times if hard linked
|
|
\& \-s Display only a total for each argument
|
|
\& \-x Skip directories on different filesystems
|
|
\& \-h Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G)
|
|
\& \-m Sizes in megabytes
|
|
\& \-k Sizes in kilobytes (default)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBdumpkmap\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dumpkmap"
|
|
dumpkmap > keymap
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print a binary keyboard translation table to stdout
|
|
.IP "\fBdumpleases\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "dumpleases"
|
|
dumpleases [\-r|\-a] [\-d] [\-f \s-1LEASEFILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display \s-1DHCP\s0 leases granted by udhcpd
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-f FILE Lease file
|
|
\& \-r Show remaining time
|
|
\& \-a Show expiration time
|
|
\& \-d Show time in seconds
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBecho\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "echo"
|
|
echo [\-neE] [\s-1ARG\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print ARGs to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-n No trailing newline
|
|
\& \-e Interpret backslash escapes (\et=tab etc)
|
|
\& \-E Don\*(Aqt interpret backslash escapes (default)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBed\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ed"
|
|
ed [\-p \s-1PROMPT\s0] [\-s] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBeject\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "eject"
|
|
eject [\-t] [\-T] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Eject \s-1DEVICE\s0 or default /dev/cdrom
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-s SCSI device
|
|
\& \-t Close tray
|
|
\& \-T Open/close tray (toggle)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBenv\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "env"
|
|
env [\-i0] [\-u \s-1NAME\s0]... [\-] [NAME=VALUE]... [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print current environment or run \s-1PROG\s0 after setting up environment
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-, \-i Start with empty environment
|
|
\& \-0 NUL terminated output
|
|
\& \-u NAME Remove variable from environment
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBenvdir\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "envdir"
|
|
envdir \s-1DIR PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set various environment variables as specified by files
|
|
in the directory \s-1DIR,\s0 run \s-1PROG\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBenvuidgid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "envuidgid"
|
|
envuidgid \s-1USER PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set \f(CW$UID\fR to \s-1USER\s0's uid and \f(CW$GID\fR to \s-1USER\s0's gid, run \s-1PROG\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBether-wake\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ether-wake"
|
|
ether-wake [\-b] [\-i \s-1IFACE\s0] [\-p aa:bb:cc:dd[:ee:ff]/a.b.c.d] \s-1MAC\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send a magic packet to wake up sleeping machines.
|
|
\&\s-1MAC\s0 must be a station address (00:11:22:33:44:55) or
|
|
a hostname with a known 'ethers' entry.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-b Broadcast the packet
|
|
\& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
|
|
\& \-p PASSWORD Append four or six byte PASSWORD to the packet
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBexpand\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "expand"
|
|
expand [\-i] [\-t N] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Convert tabs to spaces, writing to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-i Don\*(Aqt convert tabs after non blanks
|
|
\& \-t Tabstops every N chars
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBexpr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "expr"
|
|
expr \s-1EXPRESSION\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print the value of \s-1EXPRESSION\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1EXPRESSION\s0 may be:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& ARG1 | ARG2 ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 & ARG2 ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
|
|
\& ARG1 < ARG2 1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
|
|
\& ARG1 <= ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 = ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 != ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 >= ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 > ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 + ARG2 Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
|
|
\& ARG1 \- ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 * ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 / ARG2
|
|
\& ARG1 % ARG2
|
|
\& STRING : REGEXP Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
|
|
\& match STRING REGEXP Same as STRING : REGEXP
|
|
\& substr STRING POS LEN Substring of STRING, POS counts from 1
|
|
\& index STRING CHARS Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
|
|
\& length STRING Length of STRING
|
|
\& quote TOKEN Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
|
|
\& it is a keyword like \*(Aqmatch\*(Aq or an
|
|
\& operator like \*(Aq/\*(Aq
|
|
\& (EXPRESSION) Value of EXPRESSION
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells.
|
|
Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else
|
|
lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between
|
|
\&\e( and \e) or null; if \e( and \e) are not used, they return the number
|
|
of characters matched or 0.
|
|
.IP "\fBfactor\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "factor"
|
|
factor [\s-1NUMBER\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print prime factors
|
|
.IP "\fBfakeidentd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fakeidentd"
|
|
fakeidentd [\-fiw] [\-b \s-1ADDR\s0] [\s-1STRING\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Provide fake ident (auth) service
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-i Inetd mode
|
|
\& \-w Inetd \*(Aqwait\*(Aq mode
|
|
\& \-b ADDR Bind to specified address
|
|
\& STRING Ident answer string (default: nobody)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfallocate\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fallocate"
|
|
fallocate [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] \-l \s-1LEN FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Preallocate space for \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-o OFS Offset of range
|
|
\& \-l LEN Length of range
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfatattr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fatattr"
|
|
fatattr [\-+rhsvda] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change file attributes on \s-1FAT\s0 filesystem
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \- Clear attributes
|
|
\& + Set attributes
|
|
\& r Read only
|
|
\& h Hidden
|
|
\& s System
|
|
\& v Volume label
|
|
\& d Directory
|
|
\& a Archive
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfbset\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fbset"
|
|
fbset [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1MODE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show and modify frame buffer settings
|
|
.IP "\fBfbsplash\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fbsplash"
|
|
fbsplash \-s \s-1IMGFILE\s0 [\-c] [\-d \s-1DEV\s0] [\-i \s-1INIFILE\s0] [\-f \s-1CMD\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-s Image
|
|
\& \-c Hide cursor
|
|
\& \-d Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0)
|
|
\& \-i Config file (var=value):
|
|
\& BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT
|
|
\& BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B,IMG_LEFT,IMG_TOP
|
|
\& \-f Control pipe (else exit after drawing image)
|
|
\& commands: \*(AqNN\*(Aq (% for progress bar) or \*(Aqexit\*(Aq
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfdflush\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fdflush"
|
|
fdflush \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change
|
|
.IP "\fBfdformat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fdformat"
|
|
fdformat [\-n] \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Format floppy disk
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt verify after format
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfdisk\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fdisk"
|
|
fdisk [\-ul] [\-C \s-1CYLINDERS\s0] [\-H \s-1HEADS\s0] [\-S \s-1SECTORS\s0] [\-b \s-1SSZ\s0] \s-1DISK\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change partition table
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-u Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
|
|
\& \-l Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
|
|
\& \-b 2048 (for certain MO disks) use 2048\-byte sectors
|
|
\& \-C CYLINDERS Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
|
|
\& \-H HEADS Typically 255
|
|
\& \-S SECTORS Typically 63
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfgconsole\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fgconsole"
|
|
fgconsole
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Get active console
|
|
.IP "\fBfind\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "find"
|
|
find [\-HL] [\s-1PATH\s0]... [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1ACTIONS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Search for files and perform actions on them.
|
|
First failed action stops processing of current file.
|
|
Defaults: \s-1PATH\s0 is current directory, action is '\-print'
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-L,\-follow Follow symlinks
|
|
\& \-H ...on command line only
|
|
\& \-xdev Don\*(Aqt descend directories on other filesystems
|
|
\& \-maxdepth N Descend at most N levels. \-maxdepth 0 applies
|
|
\& actions to command line arguments only
|
|
\& \-mindepth N Don\*(Aqt act on first N levels
|
|
\& \-depth Act on directory *after* traversing it
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Actions:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& ( ACTIONS ) Group actions for \-o / \-a
|
|
\& ! ACT Invert ACT\*(Aqs success/failure
|
|
\& ACT1 [\-a] ACT2 If ACT1 fails, stop, else do ACT2
|
|
\& ACT1 \-o ACT2 If ACT1 succeeds, stop, else do ACT2
|
|
\& Note: \-a has higher priority than \-o
|
|
\& \-name PATTERN Match file name (w/o directory name) to PATTERN
|
|
\& \-iname PATTERN Case insensitive \-name
|
|
\& \-path PATTERN Match path to PATTERN
|
|
\& \-ipath PATTERN Case insensitive \-path
|
|
\& \-regex PATTERN Match path to regex PATTERN
|
|
\& \-type X File type is X (one of: f,d,l,b,c,s,p)
|
|
\& \-executable File is executable
|
|
\& \-perm MASK At least one mask bit (+MASK), all bits (\-MASK),
|
|
\& or exactly MASK bits are set in file\*(Aqs mode
|
|
\& \-mtime DAYS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (\-N),
|
|
\& or exactly N days in the past
|
|
\& \-atime DAYS atime +N/\-N/N days in the past
|
|
\& \-ctime DAYS ctime +N/\-N/N days in the past
|
|
\& \-mmin MINS mtime is greater than (+N), less than (\-N),
|
|
\& or exactly N minutes in the past
|
|
\& \-amin MINS atime +N/\-N/N minutes in the past
|
|
\& \-cmin MINS ctime +N/\-N/N minutes in the past
|
|
\& \-newer FILE mtime is more recent than FILE\*(Aqs
|
|
\& \-inum N File has inode number N
|
|
\& \-samefile FILE File is same as FILE
|
|
\& \-user NAME/ID File is owned by given user
|
|
\& \-group NAME/ID File is owned by given group
|
|
\& \-size N[bck] File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.))
|
|
\& +/\-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
|
|
\& \-links N Number of links is greater than (+N), less than (\-N),
|
|
\& or exactly N
|
|
\& \-empty Match empty file/directory
|
|
\& \-prune If current file is directory, don\*(Aqt descend into it
|
|
\&If none of the following actions is specified, \-print is assumed
|
|
\& \-print Print file name
|
|
\& \-print0 Print file name, NUL terminated
|
|
\& \-exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by
|
|
\& file name. Fails if CMD exits with nonzero
|
|
\& \-exec CMD ARG + Run CMD with {} replaced by list of file names
|
|
\& \-delete Delete current file/directory. Turns on \-depth option
|
|
\& \-quit Exit
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfindfs\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "findfs"
|
|
findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Find a filesystem device based on a label or \s-1UUID\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBflock\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "flock"
|
|
flock [\-sxun] \s-1FD\s0 | { \s-1FILE\s0 [\-c] \s-1PROG ARGS\s0 }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
[Un]lock file descriptor, or lock \s-1FILE,\s0 run \s-1PROG\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-s Shared lock
|
|
\& \-x Exclusive lock (default)
|
|
\& \-u Unlock FD
|
|
\& \-n Fail rather than wait
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfold\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fold"
|
|
fold [\-bs] [\-w \s-1WIDTH\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Wrap input lines in FILEs (or stdin), writing to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-b Count bytes rather than columns
|
|
\& \-s Break at spaces
|
|
\& \-w Use WIDTH columns instead of 80
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfree\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "free"
|
|
free [\-bkmgh]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display free and used memory
|
|
.IP "\fBfreeramdisk\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "freeramdisk"
|
|
freeramdisk \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk
|
|
.IP "\fBfsck\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fsck"
|
|
fsck [\-ANPRTV] [\-t \s-1FSTYPE\s0] [\s-1FS_OPTS\s0] [\s-1BLOCKDEV\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Check and repair filesystems
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-A Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
|
|
\& \-N Don\*(Aqt execute, just show what would be done
|
|
\& \-P With \-A, check filesystems in parallel
|
|
\& \-R With \-A, skip the root filesystem
|
|
\& \-T Don\*(Aqt show title on startup
|
|
\& \-V Verbose
|
|
\& \-t TYPE List of filesystem types to check
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfsck.minix\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fsck.minix"
|
|
fsck.minix [\-larvsmf] \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Check \s-1MINIX\s0 filesystem
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-l List all filenames
|
|
\& \-r Perform interactive repairs
|
|
\& \-a Perform automatic repairs
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-s Output superblock information
|
|
\& \-m Show "mode not cleared" warnings
|
|
\& \-f Force file system check
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfsfreeze\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fsfreeze"
|
|
fsfreeze \-\-[un]freeze \s-1MOUNTPOINT\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Flush and halt writes to \s-1MOUNTPOINT\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBfstrim\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fstrim"
|
|
fstrim [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1MOUNTPOINT\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-o OFFSET Offset in bytes to discard from
|
|
\& \-l LEN Bytes to discard
|
|
\& \-m MIN Minimum extent length
|
|
\& \-v Print number of discarded bytes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfsync\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fsync"
|
|
fsync [\-d] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Write all buffered blocks in FILEs to disk
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-d Avoid syncing metadata
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBftpd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ftpd"
|
|
ftpd [\-wvS] [\-a \s-1USER\s0] [\-t \s-1SEC\s0] [\-T \s-1SEC\s0] [\s-1DIR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1FTP\s0 server. Chroots to \s-1DIR,\s0 if this fails (run by non-root), cds to it.
|
|
It is an inetd service, inetd.conf line:
|
|
21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve
|
|
Can be run from tcpsvd:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& tcpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-w Allow upload
|
|
\& \-A No login required, client access occurs under ftpd\*(Aqs UID
|
|
\& \-a USER Enable \*(Aqanonymous\*(Aq login and map it to USER
|
|
\& \-v Log errors to stderr. \-vv: verbose log
|
|
\& \-S Log errors to syslog. \-SS: verbose log
|
|
\& \-t,\-T N Idle and absolute timeout
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBftpget\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ftpget"
|
|
ftpget [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1LOCAL_FILE\s0] \s-1REMOTE_FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Download a file via \s-1FTP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-c Continue previous transfer
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-u USER Username
|
|
\& \-p PASS Password
|
|
\& \-P PORT
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBftpput\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ftpput"
|
|
ftpput [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1REMOTE_FILE\s0] \s-1LOCAL_FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Upload a file to a \s-1FTP\s0 server
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-u USER Username
|
|
\& \-p PASS Password
|
|
\& \-P PORT
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBfuser\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "fuser"
|
|
fuser [\-msk46] [\-SIGNAL] \s-1FILE\s0 or \s-1PORT/PROTO\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-m Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
|
|
\& \-4,\-6 Search only IPv4/IPv6 space
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt display PIDs
|
|
\& \-k Kill found processes
|
|
\& \-SIGNAL Signal to send (default: KILL)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBgetopt\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "getopt"
|
|
getopt [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-\-] \s-1OPTSTRING PARAMS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-a Allow long options starting with single \-
|
|
\& \-l LOPT[,...] Long options to recognize
|
|
\& \-n PROGNAME The name under which errors are reported
|
|
\& \-o OPTSTRING Short options to recognize
|
|
\& \-q No error messages on unrecognized options
|
|
\& \-Q No normal output
|
|
\& \-s SHELL Set shell quoting conventions
|
|
\& \-T Version test (exits with 4)
|
|
\& \-u Don\*(Aqt quote output
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
O=`getopt \-l bb: \*(-- ab:c:: \*(L"$@\*(R"` || exit 1
|
|
eval set \*(-- \*(L"$O\*(R"
|
|
while true; do
|
|
case \*(L"$1\*(R" in
|
|
\-a) echo A; shift;;
|
|
\-b|\-\-bb) echo \*(L"B:'$2'\*(R"; shift 2;;
|
|
\-c) case \*(L"$2\*(R" in
|
|
"\*(L") echo C; shift 2;;
|
|
*) echo \*(R"C:'$2'"; shift 2;;
|
|
esac;;
|
|
\-\-) shift; break;;
|
|
*) echo Error; exit 1;;
|
|
esac
|
|
done
|
|
.IP "\fBgetty\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "getty"
|
|
getty [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... \s-1TTY\s0 [\s-1TERMTYPE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Open \s-1TTY,\s0 prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 11
|
|
\& \-h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control
|
|
\& \-L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state)
|
|
\& \-m Get baud rate from modem\*(Aqs CONNECT status message
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt prompt for login name
|
|
\& \-w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
|
|
\& \-i Don\*(Aqt display /etc/issue
|
|
\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
|
|
\& \-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
|
|
\& \-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read
|
|
\& \-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else
|
|
\& \-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1BAUD_RATE\s0 of 0 leaves it unchanged
|
|
.IP "\fBgrep\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "grep"
|
|
grep [\-HhnlLoqvsrRiwFE] [\-m N] [\-A|B|C N] { \s-1PATTERN\s0 | \-e \s-1PATTERN...\s0 | \-f \s-1FILE...\s0 } [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Search for \s-1PATTERN\s0 in FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-H Add \*(Aqfilename:\*(Aq prefix
|
|
\& \-h Do not add \*(Aqfilename:\*(Aq prefix
|
|
\& \-n Add \*(Aqline_no:\*(Aq prefix
|
|
\& \-l Show only names of files that match
|
|
\& \-L Show only names of files that don\*(Aqt match
|
|
\& \-c Show only count of matching lines
|
|
\& \-o Show only the matching part of line
|
|
\& \-q Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise
|
|
\& \-v Select non\-matching lines
|
|
\& \-s Suppress open and read errors
|
|
\& \-r Recurse
|
|
\& \-R Recurse and dereference symlinks
|
|
\& \-i Ignore case
|
|
\& \-w Match whole words only
|
|
\& \-x Match whole lines only
|
|
\& \-F PATTERN is a literal (not regexp)
|
|
\& \-E PATTERN is an extended regexp
|
|
\& \-m N Match up to N times per file
|
|
\& \-A N Print N lines of trailing context
|
|
\& \-B N Print N lines of leading context
|
|
\& \-C N Same as \*(Aq\-A N \-B N\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-e PTRN Pattern to match
|
|
\& \-f FILE Read pattern from file
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBgroups\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "groups"
|
|
groups [\s-1USER\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print the groups \s-1USER\s0 is in
|
|
.IP "\fBgunzip\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "gunzip"
|
|
gunzip [\-cfkt] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBgzip\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "gzip"
|
|
gzip [\-cfkdt] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Compress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBhalt\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "halt"
|
|
halt [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-nfw]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Halt the system
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-d SEC Delay interval
|
|
\& \-n Do not sync
|
|
\& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init)
|
|
\& \-w Only write a wtmp record
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBhd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hd"
|
|
hd \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
hd is an alias for hexdump \-C
|
|
.IP "\fBhdparm\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hdparm"
|
|
hdparm [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-a Get/set fs readahead
|
|
\& \-A Set drive read\-lookahead flag (0/1)
|
|
\& \-b Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
|
|
\& \-B Set Advanced Power Management setting (1\-255)
|
|
\& \-c Get/set IDE 32\-bit IO setting
|
|
\& \-C Check IDE power mode status
|
|
\& \-d Get/set using_dma flag
|
|
\& \-D Enable/disable drive defect\-mgmt
|
|
\& \-f Flush buffer cache for device on exit
|
|
\& \-g Display drive geometry
|
|
\& \-h Display terse usage information
|
|
\& \-i Display drive identification
|
|
\& \-I Detailed/current information directly from drive
|
|
\& \-k Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
|
|
\& \-K Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
|
|
\& \-L Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
|
|
\& \-m Get/set multiple sector count
|
|
\& \-n Get/set ignore\-write\-errors flag (0/1)
|
|
\& \-p Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
|
|
\& \-P Set drive prefetch count
|
|
\& \-Q Get/set DMA tagged\-queuing depth (if supported)
|
|
\& \-r Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
|
|
\& \-R Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
|
|
\& \-S Set standby (spindown) timeout
|
|
\& \-t Perform device read timings
|
|
\& \-T Perform cache read timings
|
|
\& \-u Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
|
|
\& \-U Unregister an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
|
|
\& \-v Defaults; same as \-mcudkrag for IDE drives
|
|
\& \-V Display program version and exit immediately
|
|
\& \-w Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
|
|
\& \-W Set drive write\-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
|
|
\& \-x Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
|
|
\& \-X Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
|
|
\& \-y Put IDE drive in standby mode
|
|
\& \-Y Put IDE drive to sleep
|
|
\& \-Z Disable Seagate auto\-powersaving mode
|
|
\& \-z Reread partition table
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBhead\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "head"
|
|
head [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print first 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin).
|
|
With more than one \s-1FILE,\s0 precede each with a filename header.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-n N[bkm] Print first N lines
|
|
\& \-n \-N[bkm] Print all except N last lines
|
|
\& \-c [\-]N[bkm] Print first N bytes
|
|
\& (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
|
|
\& \-q Never print headers
|
|
\& \-v Always print headers
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBhexdump\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hexdump"
|
|
hexdump [\-bcdoxCv] [\-e \s-1FMT\s0] [\-f \s-1FMT_FILE\s0] [\-n \s-1LEN\s0] [\-s \s-1OFS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display FILEs (or stdin) in a user specified format
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 11
|
|
\& \-b 1\-byte octal display
|
|
\& \-c 1\-byte character display
|
|
\& \-d 2\-byte decimal display
|
|
\& \-o 2\-byte octal display
|
|
\& \-x 2\-byte hex display
|
|
\& \-C hex+ASCII 16 bytes per line
|
|
\& \-v Show all (no dup folding)
|
|
\& \-e FORMAT_STR Example: \*(Aq16/1 "%02x|""\en"\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-f FORMAT_FILE
|
|
\& \-n LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
|
|
\& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBhexedit\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hexedit"
|
|
hexedit \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Edit \s-1FILE\s0 in hexadecimal
|
|
.IP "\fBhostid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hostid"
|
|
hostid
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print out a unique 32\-bit identifier for the machine
|
|
.IP "\fBhostname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hostname"
|
|
hostname [\-sidf] [\s-1HOSTNAME\s0 | \-F \s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show or set hostname or \s-1DNS\s0 domain name
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-s Short
|
|
\& \-i Addresses for the hostname
|
|
\& \-d DNS domain name
|
|
\& \-f Fully qualified domain name
|
|
\& \-F FILE Use FILE\*(Aqs content as hostname
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBhttpd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "httpd"
|
|
httpd [\-ifv[v]] [\-c \s-1CONFFILE\s0] [\-p [\s-1IP:\s0]PORT] [\-u USER[:GRP]] [\-r \s-1REALM\s0] [\-h \s-1HOME\s0]
|
|
or httpd \-d/\-e/\-m \s-1STRING\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Listen for incoming \s-1HTTP\s0 requests
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 11
|
|
\& \-i Inetd mode
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-v[v] Verbose
|
|
\& \-p [IP:]PORT Bind to IP:PORT (default *:80)
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Set uid/gid after binding to port
|
|
\& \-r REALM Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
|
|
\& \-h HOME Home directory (default .)
|
|
\& \-c FILE Configuration file (default {/etc,HOME}/httpd.conf)
|
|
\& \-m STRING MD5 crypt STRING
|
|
\& \-e STRING HTML encode STRING
|
|
\& \-d STRING URL decode STRING
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBhush\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hush"
|
|
hush [\-enxl] [\-c '\s-1SCRIPT\s0' [\s-1ARG0 ARGS\s0] | \s-1FILE ARGS\s0 | \-s \s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Unix shell interpreter
|
|
.IP "\fBhwclock\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hwclock"
|
|
hwclock [\-swul] [\-\-systz] [\-f \s-1DEV\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show or set hardware clock (\s-1RTC\s0)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-s Set system time from RTC
|
|
\& \-w Set RTC from system time
|
|
\& \-\-systz Set in\-kernel timezone, correct system time
|
|
\& if RTC is kept in local time
|
|
\& \-f DEV Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)
|
|
\& \-u Assume RTC is kept in UTC
|
|
\& \-l Assume RTC is kept in local time
|
|
\& (if neither is given, read from /etc/adjtime)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBi2cdetect\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "i2cdetect"
|
|
i2cdetect \-l | \-F I2CBUS | [\-ya] [\-q|\-r] I2CBUS [\s-1FIRST LAST\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Detect I2C chips
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-l List installed buses
|
|
\& \-F BUS# List functionalities on this bus
|
|
\& \-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
\& \-a Force scanning of non\-regular addresses
|
|
\& \-q Use smbus quick write commands for probing (default)
|
|
\& \-r Use smbus read byte commands for probing
|
|
\& FIRST and LAST limit probing range
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBi2cdump\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "i2cdump"
|
|
i2cdump [\-fy] [\-r \s-1FIRST\-LAST\s0] \s-1BUS ADDR\s0 [\s-1MODE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Examine I2C registers
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& I2CBUS I2C bus number
|
|
\& ADDRESS 0x03\-0x77
|
|
\&MODE is:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& b Byte (default)
|
|
\& w Word
|
|
\& W Word on even register addresses
|
|
\& i I2C block
|
|
\& s SMBus block
|
|
\& c Consecutive byte
|
|
\& Append p for SMBus PEC
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-f Force access
|
|
\& \-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
\& \-r Limit the number of registers being accessed
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBi2cget\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "i2cget"
|
|
i2cget [\-fy] \s-1BUS\s0 CHIP-ADDRESS [\s-1DATA\-ADDRESS\s0 [\s-1MODE\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Read from I2C/SMBus chip registers
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& I2CBUS I2C bus number
|
|
\& ADDRESS 0x03\-0x77
|
|
\&MODE is:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& b Read byte data (default)
|
|
\& w Read word data
|
|
\& c Write byte/read byte
|
|
\& Append p for SMBus PEC
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-f Force access
|
|
\& \-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBi2cset\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "i2cset"
|
|
i2cset [\-fy] [\-m \s-1MASK\s0] \s-1BUS\s0 CHIP-ADDRESS DATA-ADDRESS [\s-1VALUE\s0] ... [\s-1MODE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set I2C registers
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& I2CBUS I2C bus number
|
|
\& ADDRESS 0x03\-0x77
|
|
\&MODE is:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& c Byte, no value
|
|
\& b Byte data (default)
|
|
\& w Word data
|
|
\& i I2C block data
|
|
\& s SMBus block data
|
|
\& Append p for SMBus PEC
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-f Force access
|
|
\& \-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
\& \-r Read back and compare the result
|
|
\& \-m MASK Mask specifying which bits to write
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBi2ctransfer\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "i2ctransfer"
|
|
i2ctransfer [\-fay] I2CBUS { rLENGTH[@ADDR] | wLENGTH[@ADDR] \s-1DATA...\s0}...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Read/write I2C data in one transfer
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-f Force access to busy addresses
|
|
\& \-a Force access to non\-regular addresses
|
|
\& \-y Disable interactive mode
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "id"
|
|
id [\-ugGnr] [\s-1USER\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print information about \s-1USER\s0 or the current user
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-u User ID
|
|
\& \-g Group ID
|
|
\& \-G Supplementary group IDs
|
|
\& \-n Print names instead of numbers
|
|
\& \-r Print real ID instead of effective ID
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBifconfig\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ifconfig"
|
|
ifconfig [\-a] [\s-1IFACE\s0] [\s-1ADDRESS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Configure a network interface
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& [add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
|
|
\& [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
|
|
\& [[\-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[\-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
|
|
\& [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
|
|
\& [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
|
|
\& [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
|
|
\& [[\-]trailers] [[\-]arp] [[\-]allmulti]
|
|
\& [multicast] [[\-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[\-]dynamic]
|
|
\& [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
|
|
\& [up|down] ...
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBifdown\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ifdown"
|
|
ifdown [\-nmvf] [\-i \s-1FILE\s0] \-a | \s-1IFACE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-a Deconfigure all interfaces
|
|
\& \-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces
|
|
\& \-n Dry run
|
|
\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings)
|
|
\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings
|
|
\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBifenslave\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ifenslave"
|
|
ifenslave [\-cdf] \s-1MASTER_IFACE SLAVE_IFACE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Configure network interfaces for parallel routing
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c Change active slave
|
|
\& \-d Remove slave interface from bonding device
|
|
\& \-f Force, even if interface is not Ethernet
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBifplugd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ifplugd"
|
|
ifplugd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Network interface plug detection daemon
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-n Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt log to syslog
|
|
\& \-i IFACE Interface
|
|
\& \-f/\-F Treat link detection error as link down/link up
|
|
\& (otherwise exit on error)
|
|
\& \-a Don\*(Aqt up interface at each link probe
|
|
\& \-M Monitor creation/destruction of interface
|
|
\& (otherwise it must exist)
|
|
\& \-A Don\*(Aqt up newly appeared interface
|
|
\& \-r PROG Script to run
|
|
\& \-x ARG Extra argument for script
|
|
\& \-I Don\*(Aqt exit on nonzero exit code from script
|
|
\& \-p Don\*(Aqt run "up" script on startup
|
|
\& \-q Don\*(Aqt run "down" script on exit
|
|
\& \-l Always run script on startup
|
|
\& \-t SECS Poll time in seconds
|
|
\& \-u SECS Delay before running script after link up
|
|
\& \-d SECS Delay after link down
|
|
\& \-m MODE API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, iff, auto)
|
|
\& \-k Kill running daemon
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBifup\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ifup"
|
|
ifup [\-nmvf] [\-i \s-1FILE\s0] \-a | \s-1IFACE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-a Configure all interfaces
|
|
\& \-i FILE Use FILE instead of /etc/network/interfaces
|
|
\& \-n Dry run
|
|
\& (note: doesn\*(Aqt disable mappings)
|
|
\& \-m Don\*(Aqt run any mappings
|
|
\& \-v Print out what would happen before doing it
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBinetd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "inetd"
|
|
inetd [\-fe] [\-q N] [\-R N] [\s-1CONFFILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Listen for network connections and launch programs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-e Log to stderr
|
|
\& \-q N Socket listen queue (default 128)
|
|
\& \-R N Pause services after N connects/min
|
|
\& (default 0 \- disabled)
|
|
\& Default CONFFILE is /etc/inetd.conf
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBinit\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "init"
|
|
init
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Init is the first process started during boot. It never exits.
|
|
It (re)spawns children according to /etc/inittab.
|
|
Signals:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1HUP:\s0 reload /etc/inittab
|
|
\&\s-1TSTP:\s0 stop respawning until \s-1CONT
|
|
QUIT:\s0 re-exec another init
|
|
\&\s-1USR1/TERM/USR2/INT:\s0 run halt/reboot/poweroff/Ctrl\-Alt\-Del script
|
|
.IP "\fBinsmod\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "insmod"
|
|
insmod \s-1FILE\s0 [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Load kernel module
|
|
.IP "\fBinstall\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "install"
|
|
install [\-cdDsp] [\-o \s-1USER\s0] [\-g \s-1GRP\s0] [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [\-t \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1SOURCE\s0]... \s-1DEST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Copy files and set attributes
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-c Just copy (default)
|
|
\& \-d Create directories
|
|
\& \-D Create leading target directories
|
|
\& \-s Strip symbol table
|
|
\& \-p Preserve date
|
|
\& \-o USER Set ownership
|
|
\& \-g GRP Set group ownership
|
|
\& \-m MODE Set permissions
|
|
\& \-t DIR Install to DIR
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBionice\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ionice"
|
|
ionice [\-c 1\-3] [\-n 0\-7] [\-t] { \-p \s-1PID\s0 | \s-1PROG ARGS\s0 }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change I/O priority and class
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c N Class. 1:realtime 2:best\-effort 3:idle
|
|
\& \-n N Priority
|
|
\& \-t Ignore errors
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBiostat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "iostat"
|
|
iostat [\-c] [\-d] [\-t] [\-z] [\-k|\-m] [ALL|BLOCKDEV...] [\s-1INTERVAL\s0 [\s-1COUNT\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Report \s-1CPU\s0 and I/O statistics
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-c Show CPU utilization
|
|
\& \-d Show device utilization
|
|
\& \-t Print current time
|
|
\& \-z Omit devices with no activity
|
|
\& \-k Use kb/s
|
|
\& \-m Use Mb/s
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBip\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ip"
|
|
ip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] address|route|link|tunnel|neigh|rule [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1OPTIONS\s0 := \-f[amily] inet|inet6|link | \-o[neline]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
ip addr add|del \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1IFACE\s0 | show|flush [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0]
|
|
ip route list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test \s-1ROUTE\s0
|
|
ip link set \s-1IFACE\s0 [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
|
|
[promisc on|off] [mtu \s-1NUM\s0] [name \s-1NAME\s0] [qlen \s-1NUM\s0] [address \s-1MAC\s0]
|
|
[master \s-1IFACE\s0 | nomaster] [netns \s-1PID\s0]
|
|
ip tunnel add|change|del|show [\s-1NAME\s0]
|
|
[mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] [ttl \s-1TTL\s0]
|
|
ip neigh show|flush [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [dev \s-1DEV\s0] [nud \s-1STATE\s0]
|
|
ip rule [list] | add|del \s-1SELECTOR ACTION\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBipaddr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ipaddr"
|
|
ipaddr add|del \s-1IFADDR\s0 dev \s-1IFACE\s0 | show|flush [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
ipaddr add|change|replace|delete dev \s-1IFACE\s0 [\s-1CONFFLAG\-LIST\s0] \s-1IFADDR\s0
|
|
\s-1IFADDR\s0 := \s-1PREFIX\s0 | \s-1ADDR\s0 peer \s-1PREFIX\s0 [broadcast ADDR|+|\-]
|
|
[anycast \s-1ADDR\s0] [label \s-1STRING\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\s0]
|
|
\s-1PREFIX\s0 := ADDR[/MASK]
|
|
\s-1SCOPE\s0 := [host|link|global|NUMBER]
|
|
CONFFLAG-LIST := [\s-1CONFFLAG\-LIST\s0] \s-1CONFFLAG\s0
|
|
\s-1CONFFLAG\s0 := [noprefixroute]
|
|
ipaddr show|flush [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\s0] [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [label \s-1PATTERN\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBipcalc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ipcalc"
|
|
ipcalc [\-bnmphs] ADDRESS[/PREFIX] [\s-1NETMASK\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Calculate and display network settings from \s-1IP\s0 address
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-b Broadcast address
|
|
\& \-n Network address
|
|
\& \-m Default netmask for IP
|
|
\& \-p Prefix for IP/NETMASK
|
|
\& \-h Resolved host name
|
|
\& \-s No error messages
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBipcrm\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ipcrm"
|
|
ipcrm [\-MQS key] [\-mqs id]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Upper-case options \s-1MQS\s0 remove an object by shmkey value.
|
|
Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-mM Remove memory segment after last detach
|
|
\& \-qQ Remove message queue
|
|
\& \-sS Remove semaphore
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBipcs\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ipcs"
|
|
ipcs [[\-smq] \-i \s-1SHMID\s0] | [[\-asmq] [\-tcplu]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-i ID Show specific resource
|
|
\&Resource specification:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-m Shared memory segments
|
|
\& \-q Message queues
|
|
\& \-s Semaphore arrays
|
|
\& \-a All (default)
|
|
\&Output format:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-t Time
|
|
\& \-c Creator
|
|
\& \-p Pid
|
|
\& \-l Limits
|
|
\& \-u Summary
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBiplink\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "iplink"
|
|
iplink set \s-1IFACE\s0 [up|down] [arp on|off] [multicast on|off]
|
|
[promisc on|off] [mtu \s-1NUM\s0] [name \s-1NAME\s0] [qlen \s-1NUM\s0] [address \s-1MAC\s0]
|
|
[master \s-1IFACE\s0 | nomaster] [netns \s-1PID\s0]
|
|
iplink add [link \s-1IFACE\s0] \s-1IFACE\s0 [address \s-1MAC\s0] type \s-1TYPE\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
iplink delete \s-1IFACE\s0 type \s-1TYPE\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
\s-1TYPE ARGS\s0 := vlan \s-1VLANARGS\s0 | vrf table \s-1NUM\s0
|
|
\s-1VLANARGS\s0 := id \s-1VLANID\s0 [protocol 802.1q|802.1ad] [reorder_hdr on|off]
|
|
[gvrp on|off] [mvrp on|off] [loose_binding on|off]
|
|
iplink show [\s-1IFACE\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBipneigh\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ipneigh"
|
|
ipneigh show|flush [to \s-1PREFIX\s0] [dev \s-1DEV\s0] [nud \s-1STATE\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBiproute\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "iproute"
|
|
iproute list|flush|add|del|change|append|replace|test \s-1ROUTE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
iproute list|flush \s-1SELECTOR\s0
|
|
\s-1SELECTOR\s0 := [root \s-1PREFIX\s0] [match \s-1PREFIX\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0]
|
|
\s-1PREFIX\s0 := default|ADDR[/MASK]
|
|
iproute get \s-1ADDR\s0 [from \s-1ADDR\s0 iif \s-1IFACE\s0]
|
|
[oif \s-1IFACE\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0]
|
|
iproute add|del|change|append|replace|test \s-1ROUTE\s0
|
|
\s-1ROUTE\s0 := \s-1NODE_SPEC\s0 [\s-1INFO_SPEC\s0]
|
|
\s-1NODE_SPEC\s0 := \s-1PREFIX\s0 [table \s-1TABLE_ID\s0] [proto \s-1RTPROTO\s0] [scope \s-1SCOPE\s0] [metric \s-1METRIC\s0]
|
|
\s-1INFO_SPEC\s0 := \s-1NH OPTIONS\s0
|
|
\s-1NH\s0 := [via [inet|inet6] \s-1ADDR\s0] [dev \s-1IFACE\s0] [src \s-1ADDR\s0] [onlink]
|
|
\s-1OPTIONS\s0 := [mtu [lock] \s-1NUM\s0] [advmss [lock] \s-1NUM\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBiprule\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "iprule"
|
|
iprule [list] | add|del \s-1SELECTOR ACTION\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& SELECTOR := [from PREFIX] [to PREFIX] [tos TOS] [fwmark FWMARK[/MASK]]
|
|
\& [dev IFACE] [pref NUMBER]
|
|
\& ACTION := [table TABLE_ID] [nat ADDR]
|
|
\& [prohibit|reject|unreachable]
|
|
\& [realms [SRCREALM/]DSTREALM]
|
|
\& TABLE_ID := [local|main|default|NUMBER]
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBiptunnel\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "iptunnel"
|
|
iptunnel add|change|del|show [\s-1NAME\s0]
|
|
[mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0] [ttl \s-1TTL\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
iptunnel add|change|del|show [\s-1NAME\s0]
|
|
[mode ipip|gre|sit] [remote \s-1ADDR\s0] [local \s-1ADDR\s0]
|
|
[[i|o]seq] [[i|o]key \s-1KEY\s0] [[i|o]csum]
|
|
[ttl \s-1TTL\s0] [tos \s-1TOS\s0] [[no]pmtudisc] [dev \s-1PHYS_DEV\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBkbd_mode\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "kbd_mode"
|
|
kbd_mode [\-a|k|s|u] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Report or set \s-1VT\s0 console keyboard mode
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-a Default (ASCII)
|
|
\& \-k Medium\-raw (keycode)
|
|
\& \-s Raw (scancode)
|
|
\& \-u Unicode (utf\-8)
|
|
\& \-C TTY Affect TTY
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBkill\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "kill"
|
|
kill [\-l] [\-SIG] \s-1PID...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given PIDs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-l List all signal names and numbers
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBkillall\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "killall"
|
|
killall [\-lq] [\-SIG] \s-1PROCESS_NAME...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to given processes
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-l List all signal names and numbers
|
|
\& \-q Don\*(Aqt complain if no processes were killed
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBkillall5\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "killall5"
|
|
killall5 [\-l] [\-SIG] [\-o \s-1PID\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send a signal (default: \s-1TERM\s0) to all processes outside current session
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-l List all signal names and numbers
|
|
\& \-o PID Don\*(Aqt signal this PID
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBklogd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "klogd"
|
|
klogd [\-c N] [\-n]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Log kernel messages to syslog
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-c N Print to console messages more urgent than prio N (1\-8)
|
|
\& \-n Run in foreground
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlast\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "last"
|
|
last [\-HW] [\-f \s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show listing of the last users that logged into the system
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-W Display with no host column truncation
|
|
\& \-f FILE Read from FILE instead of /var/log/wtmp
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBless\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "less"
|
|
less [\-EFIMmNSRh~] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
View \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) one screenful at a time
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-E Quit once the end of a file is reached
|
|
\& \-F Quit if entire file fits on first screen
|
|
\& \-I Ignore case in all searches
|
|
\& \-M,\-m Display status line with line numbers
|
|
\& and percentage through the file
|
|
\& \-N Prefix line number to each line
|
|
\& \-S Truncate long lines
|
|
\& \-R Remove color escape codes in input
|
|
\& \-~ Suppress ~s displayed past EOF
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlink\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "link"
|
|
link \s-1FILE LINK\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create hard \s-1LINK\s0 to \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBln\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ln"
|
|
ln [\-sfnbtv] [\-S \s-1SUF\s0] \s-1TARGET...\s0 LINK|DIR
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create a link \s-1LINK\s0 or \s-1DIR/TARGET\s0 to the specified \s-1TARGET\s0(s)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-s Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
|
|
\& \-f Remove existing destinations
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt dereference symlinks \- treat like normal file
|
|
\& \-b Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
|
|
\& \-S SUF Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files
|
|
\& \-T Treat LINK as a file, not DIR
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBloadfont\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "loadfont"
|
|
loadfont < font
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Load a console font from stdin
|
|
.IP "\fBloadkmap\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "loadkmap"
|
|
loadkmap < keymap
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Load a binary keyboard translation table from stdin
|
|
.IP "\fBlogger\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "logger"
|
|
logger [\-s] [\-t \s-1TAG\s0] [\-p \s-1PRIO\s0] [\s-1MESSAGE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Write \s-1MESSAGE\s0 (or stdin) to syslog
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-s Log to stderr as well as the system log
|
|
\& \-t TAG Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
|
|
\& \-p PRIO Priority (number or FACILITY.LEVEL pair)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlogin\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "login"
|
|
login [\-p] [\-h \s-1HOST\s0] [[\-f] \s-1USER\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Begin a new session on the system
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-f Don\*(Aqt authenticate (user already authenticated)
|
|
\& \-h HOST Host user came from (for network logins)
|
|
\& \-p Preserve environment
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\f(CW$LOGIN_TIMEOUT\fR Seconds (default 60, 0 \- disable)
|
|
\&\f(CW$LOGIN_PRE_SUID_SCRIPT\fR Execute before user \s-1ID\s0 change
|
|
.IP "\fBlogname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "logname"
|
|
logname
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print the name of the current user
|
|
.IP "\fBlogread\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "logread"
|
|
logread [\-fF]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show messages in syslogd's circular buffer
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-f Output data as log grows
|
|
\& \-F Same as \-f, but dump buffer first
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlosetup\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "losetup"
|
|
losetup [\-rP] [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] {\-f|LOOPDEV} \s-1FILE:\s0 associate loop devices
|
|
losetup \-c \s-1LOOPDEV:\s0 reread file size
|
|
losetup \-d \s-1LOOPDEV:\s0 disassociate
|
|
losetup \-a: show status
|
|
losetup \-f: show next free loop device
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-o OFS Start OFS bytes into FILE
|
|
\& \-P Scan for partitions
|
|
\& \-r Read\-only
|
|
\& \-f Show/use next free loop device
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlpd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lpd"
|
|
lpd \s-1SPOOLDIR\s0 [\s-1HELPER\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1SPOOLDIR\s0 must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories
|
|
with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are
|
|
sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue
|
|
directory and \s-1HELPER\s0 program is called. Name of file to print
|
|
is passed in \f(CW$DATAFILE\fR variable.
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& tcpsvd \-E 0 515 softlimit \-m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlpq\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lpq"
|
|
lpq [\-P queue[@host[:port]]] [\-U \s-1USERNAME\s0] [\-d \s-1JOBID\s0]... [\-fs]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
|
|
\& \-d Delete jobs
|
|
\& \-f Force any waiting job to be printed
|
|
\& \-s Short display
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlpr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lpr"
|
|
lpr \-P queue[@host[:port]] \-U \s-1USERNAME\s0 \-J \s-1TITLE\s0 \-Vmh [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-P lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
|
|
\& \-m Send mail on completion
|
|
\& \-h Print banner page too
|
|
\& \-V Verbose
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBls\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ls"
|
|
ls [\-1AaCxdLHRFplinshrSXvctu] [\-w \s-1WIDTH\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
List directory contents
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-1 One column output
|
|
\& \-a Include names starting with .
|
|
\& \-A Like \-a, but exclude . and ..
|
|
\& \-x List by lines
|
|
\& \-d List directory names, not contents
|
|
\& \-L Follow symlinks
|
|
\& \-H Follow symlinks on command line
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
|
\& \-p Append / to directory names
|
|
\& \-F Append indicator (one of */=@|) to names
|
|
\& \-l Long format
|
|
\& \-i List inode numbers
|
|
\& \-n List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
|
|
\& \-s List allocated blocks
|
|
\& \-lc List ctime
|
|
\& \-lu List atime
|
|
\& \-\-full\-time List full date/time
|
|
\& \-h Human readable sizes (1K 243M 2G)
|
|
\& \-\-group\-directories\-first
|
|
\& \-S Sort by size
|
|
\& \-X Sort by extension
|
|
\& \-v Sort by version
|
|
\& \-t Sort by mtime
|
|
\& \-tc Sort by ctime
|
|
\& \-tu Sort by atime
|
|
\& \-r Reverse sort order
|
|
\& \-w N Format N columns wide
|
|
\& \-\-color[={always,never,auto}]
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlsattr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lsattr"
|
|
lsattr [\-Radlpv] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
List ext2 file attributes
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-R Recurse
|
|
\& \-a Include names starting with .
|
|
\& \-d List directory names, not contents
|
|
\& \-l List long flag names
|
|
\& \-p List project ID
|
|
\& \-v List version/generation number
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlsmod\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lsmod"
|
|
lsmod
|
|
.Sp
|
|
List loaded kernel modules
|
|
.IP "\fBlsof\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lsof"
|
|
lsof
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show all open files
|
|
.IP "\fBlspci\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lspci"
|
|
lspci [\-mk]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
List all \s-1PCI\s0 devices
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-m Parsable output
|
|
\& \-k Show driver
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlzcat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lzcat"
|
|
lzcat [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress to stdout
|
|
.IP "\fBlzma\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lzma"
|
|
lzma \-d [\-cfk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBlzop\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "lzop"
|
|
lzop [\-cfUvd123456789CF] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-1..9 Compression level
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-U Delete input files
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-F Don\*(Aqt store or verify checksum
|
|
\& \-C Also write checksum of compressed block
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmakedevs\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "makedevs"
|
|
makedevs [\-d device_table] rootdir
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create a range of special files as specified in a device table.
|
|
Device table entries take the form of:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
<name> <type> <mode> <uid> <gid> <major> <minor> <start> <inc> <count>
|
|
Where name is the file name, type can be one of:
|
|
f Regular file
|
|
d Directory
|
|
c Character device
|
|
b Block device
|
|
p Fifo (named pipe)
|
|
uid is the user id for the target file, gid is the group id for the
|
|
target file. The rest of the entries (major, minor, etc) apply to
|
|
to device special files. A '\-' may be used for blank entries.
|
|
.IP "\fBmakemime\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "makemime"
|
|
makemime [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-o FILE Output. Default: stdout
|
|
\& \-a HDR Add header(s). Examples:
|
|
\& "From: user@host.org", "Date: \`date \-R\`"
|
|
\& \-c CT Content type. Default: application/octet\-stream
|
|
\& \-C CS Charset. Default: us\-ascii
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Other options are silently ignored
|
|
.IP "\fBman\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "man"
|
|
man [\-aw] [\s-1SECTION\s0] MANPAGE[.SECTION]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display manual page
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-a Display all pages
|
|
\& \-w Show page locations
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\f(CW$COLUMNS\fR overrides output width
|
|
.IP "\fBmd5sum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "md5sum"
|
|
md5sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print or check \s-1MD5\s0 checksums
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmdev\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mdev"
|
|
mdev [\-vS] { [\-s] | [\-df] }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog too
|
|
\& \-s Scan /sys and populate /dev
|
|
\& \-d Daemon, listen on netlink
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Bare mdev is a kernel hotplug helper. To activate it:
|
|
echo /sbin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
|
|
.Sp
|
|
It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines
|
|
[\-][ENV=regex;]...DEVNAME \s-1UID:GID PERM\s0 [>|=PATH]|[!] [@|$|*PROG]
|
|
where \s-1DEVNAME\s0 is device name regex, \f(CW@major\fR,minor[\-minor2], or
|
|
environment variable regex. A common use of the latter is
|
|
to load modules for hotplugged devices:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& $MODALIAS=.* 0:0 660 @modprobe "$MODALIAS"
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If /dev/mdev.seq file exists, mdev will wait for its value
|
|
to match \f(CW$SEQNUM\fR variable. This prevents plug/unplug races.
|
|
To activate this feature, create empty /dev/mdev.seq at boot.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If /dev/mdev.log file exists, debug log will be appended to it.
|
|
.IP "\fBmesg\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mesg"
|
|
mesg [y|n]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Control write access to your terminal
|
|
y Allow write access to your terminal
|
|
n Disallow write access to your terminal
|
|
.IP "\fBmicrocom\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "microcom"
|
|
microcom [\-d \s-1DELAY_MS\s0] [\-t \s-1TIMEOUT_MS\s0 ] [\-s \s-1SPEED\s0] [\-X] \s-1TTY\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Copy bytes from stdin to \s-1TTY\s0 and from \s-1TTY\s0 to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-d DELAY Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending
|
|
\& every next byte to it
|
|
\& \-t TIMEOUT Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
|
|
\& \-s SPEED Set serial line to SPEED
|
|
\& \-X Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl\-X from stdin
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmim\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mim"
|
|
mim [\-f \s-1FILE\s0] [\s-1SHELL_OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1TARGET\s0] ...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run a script from a Makefile-like specification file
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-f FILE Spec file (default Mimfile)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkdir\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkdir"
|
|
mkdir [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [\-p] \s-1DIRECTORY...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-m MODE Mode
|
|
\& \-p No error if exists; make parent directories as needed
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkdosfs\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkdosfs"
|
|
mkdosfs [\-v] [\-n \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1KBYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Make a \s-1FAT32\s0 filesystem
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-n LBL Volume label
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmke2fs\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mke2fs"
|
|
mke2fs [\-Fn] [\-b \s-1BLK_SIZE\s0] [\-i \s-1INODE_RATIO\s0] [\-I \s-1INODE_SIZE\s0] [\-m \s-1RESERVED_PERCENT\s0] [\-L \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1KBYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes
|
|
\& \-F Force
|
|
\& \-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
|
|
\& \-I BYTES Inode size (min 128)
|
|
\& \-L LBL Volume label
|
|
\& \-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
|
|
\& \-n Dry run
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkfifo\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkfifo"
|
|
mkfifo [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] \s-1NAME\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create named pipe
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkfs.ext2\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkfs.ext2"
|
|
mkfs.ext2 [\-Fn] [\-b \s-1BLK_SIZE\s0] [\-i \s-1INODE_RATIO\s0] [\-I \s-1INODE_SIZE\s0] [\-m \s-1RESERVED_PERCENT\s0] [\-L \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1KBYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-b BLK_SIZE Block size, bytes
|
|
\& \-F Force
|
|
\& \-i RATIO Max number of files is filesystem_size / RATIO
|
|
\& \-I BYTES Inode size (min 128)
|
|
\& \-L LBL Volume label
|
|
\& \-m PERCENT Percent of blocks to reserve for admin
|
|
\& \-n Dry run
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkfs.minix\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkfs.minix"
|
|
mkfs.minix [\-c | \-l \s-1FILE\s0] [\-nXX] [\-iXX] \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1KBYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Make a \s-1MINIX\s0 filesystem
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-c Check device for bad blocks
|
|
\& \-n [14|30] Maximum length of filenames
|
|
\& \-i INODES Number of inodes for the filesystem
|
|
\& \-l FILE Read bad blocks list from FILE
|
|
\& \-v Make version 2 filesystem
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkfs.vfat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkfs.vfat"
|
|
mkfs.vfat [\-v] [\-n \s-1LABEL\s0] \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1KBYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Make a \s-1FAT32\s0 filesystem
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-n LBL Volume label
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmknod\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mknod"
|
|
mknod [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] \s-1NAME TYPE\s0 [\s-1MAJOR MINOR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-m MODE Creation mode (default a=rw)
|
|
\&TYPE:
|
|
\& b Block device
|
|
\& c or u Character device
|
|
\& p Named pipe (MAJOR MINOR must be omitted)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkpasswd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkpasswd"
|
|
mkpasswd [\-P \s-1FD\s0] [\-m \s-1TYPE\s0] [\-S \s-1SALT\s0] [\s-1PASSWORD\s0] [\s-1SALT\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print \fBcrypt\fR\|(3) hashed \s-1PASSWORD\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-P N Read password from fd N
|
|
\& \-m TYPE des,md5,sha256/512 (default des)
|
|
\& \-S SALT
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmkswap\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mkswap"
|
|
mkswap [\-L \s-1LBL\s0] \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1KBYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Prepare \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 to be used as swap partition
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-L LBL Label
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmktemp\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mktemp"
|
|
mktemp [\-dt] [\-p \s-1DIR\s0] [\s-1TEMPLATE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create a temporary file with name based on \s-1TEMPLATE\s0 and print its name.
|
|
\&\s-1TEMPLATE\s0 must end with \s-1XXXXXX\s0 (e.g. [/dir/]nameXXXXXX).
|
|
Without \s-1TEMPLATE,\s0 \-t tmp.XXXXXX is assumed.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-d Make directory, not file
|
|
\& \-q Fail silently on errors
|
|
\& \-t Prepend base directory name to TEMPLATE
|
|
\& \-p DIR Use DIR as a base directory (implies \-t)
|
|
\& \-u Do not create anything; print a name
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Base directory is: \-p \s-1DIR,\s0 else \f(CW$TMPDIR\fR, else /tmp
|
|
.IP "\fBmodinfo\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "modinfo"
|
|
modinfo [\-adlpn0] [\-F keyword] \s-1MODULE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-a Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F author\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-d Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F description\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-l Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F license\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-p Shortcut for \*(Aq\-F parm\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-F keyword Keyword to look for
|
|
\& \-0 NUL terminated output
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmodprobe\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "modprobe"
|
|
modprobe [\-rq] \s-1MODULE\s0 [SYMBOL=VALUE]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-r Remove MODULE
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmore\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "more"
|
|
more [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
View \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) one screenful at a time
|
|
.IP "\fBmount\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mount"
|
|
mount [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-o \s-1OPT\s0] \s-1DEVICE NODE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-a Mount all filesystems in fstab
|
|
\& \-f Dry run
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-r Read\-only mount
|
|
\& \-t FSTYPE[,...] Filesystem type(s)
|
|
\& \-T FILE Read FILE instead of /etc/fstab
|
|
\& \-O OPT Mount only filesystems with option OPT (\-a only)
|
|
\&\-o OPT:
|
|
\& loop Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
|
|
\& [a]sync Writes are [a]synchronous
|
|
\& [no]atime Disable/enable updates to inode access times
|
|
\& [no]diratime Disable/enable atime updates to directories
|
|
\& [no]relatime Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
|
|
\& [no]dev (Dis)allow use of special device files
|
|
\& [no]exec (Dis)allow use of executable files
|
|
\& [no]suid (Dis)allow set\-user\-id\-root programs
|
|
\& [r]shared Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
|
|
\& [r]slave Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
|
|
\& [r]private Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
|
|
\& [un]bindable Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
|
|
\& [r]bind Bind a file or directory [recursively] to another location
|
|
\& move Relocate an existing mount point
|
|
\& remount Remount a mounted filesystem, changing flags
|
|
\& ro Same as \-r
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
There are filesystem-specific \-o flags.
|
|
.IP "\fBmountpoint\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mountpoint"
|
|
mountpoint [\-q] { [\-dn] \s-1DIR\s0 | \-x \s-1DEVICE\s0 }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Check if \s-1DIR\s0 is a mountpoint
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-d Print major:minor of the filesystem
|
|
\& \-n Print device name of the filesystem
|
|
\& \-x Print major:minor of DEVICE
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmpstat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mpstat"
|
|
mpstat [\-A] [\-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU] [\-u] [\-P num|ALL] [\s-1INTERVAL\s0 [\s-1COUNT\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Per-processor statistics
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-A Same as \-I ALL \-u \-P ALL
|
|
\& \-I SUM|CPU|ALL|SCPU Report interrupt statistics
|
|
\& \-P num|ALL Processor to monitor
|
|
\& \-u Report CPU utilization
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBmt\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mt"
|
|
mt [\-f \s-1DEVICE\s0] \s-1OPCODE VALUE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Control magnetic tape drive operation
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Opcodes:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase
|
|
fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2
|
|
ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity
|
|
setpart tell unload unlock weof wset
|
|
.IP "\fBmv\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "mv"
|
|
mv [\-finT] \s-1SOURCE DEST\s0
|
|
or: mv [\-fin] \s-1SOURCE...\s0 { \-t \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 | \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Rename \s-1SOURCE\s0 to \s-1DEST,\s0 or move SOURCEs to \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-f Don\*(Aqt prompt before overwriting
|
|
\& \-i Interactive, prompt before overwrite
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt overwrite an existing file
|
|
\& \-T Refuse to move if DEST is a directory
|
|
\& \-t DIR Move all SOURCEs into DIR
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnameif\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nameif"
|
|
nameif [\-s] [\-c \s-1FILE\s0] [\s-1IFNAME SELECTOR\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Rename network interface while it in the down state.
|
|
The device matched by \s-1SELECTOR\s0 is renamed to \s-1IFNAME.
|
|
SELECTOR\s0 can be a combination of:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& driver=STRING
|
|
\& bus=STRING
|
|
\& phy_address=NUM
|
|
\& [mac=]XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-c FILE Configuration file (default: /etc/mactab)
|
|
\& \-s Log to syslog
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnanddump\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nanddump"
|
|
nanddump [\-no] [\-\-bb padbad|skipbad] [\-s \s-1ADDR\s0] [\-l \s-1LEN\s0] [\-f \s-1FILE\s0] \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Dump \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-n Read without ecc
|
|
\& \-o Dump oob data
|
|
\& \-s ADDR Start address
|
|
\& \-l LEN Length
|
|
\& \-f FILE Dump to file (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdout)
|
|
\& \-\-bb METHOD
|
|
\& skipbad: skip bad blocks
|
|
\& padbad: substitute bad blocks by 0xff (default)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnandwrite\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nandwrite"
|
|
nandwrite [\-np] [\-s \s-1ADDR\s0] \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Write to \s-1MTD_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-n Write without ecc
|
|
\& \-p Pad to page size
|
|
\& \-s ADDR Start address
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnbd-client\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nbd-client"
|
|
nbd-client { [\-b \s-1BLKSIZE\s0] [\-N \s-1NAME\s0] [\-t \s-1SEC\s0] [\-p] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0] | \-d } \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Connect to \s-1HOST\s0 and provide network block device on \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBnc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nc"
|
|
nc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST PORT\s0 \- connect
|
|
nc [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \-l \-p \s-1PORT\s0 [\s-1HOST\s0] [\s-1PORT\s0] \- listen
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-e PROG Run PROG after connect (must be last)
|
|
\& \-l Listen mode, for inbound connects
|
|
\& \-lk With \-e, provides persistent server
|
|
\& \-p PORT Local port
|
|
\& \-s ADDR Local address
|
|
\& \-w SEC Timeout for connects and final net reads
|
|
\& \-i SEC Delay interval for lines sent
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt do DNS resolution
|
|
\& \-u UDP mode
|
|
\& \-b Allow broadcasts
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-o FILE Hex dump traffic
|
|
\& \-z Zero\-I/O mode (scanning)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnetstat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "netstat"
|
|
netstat [\-ral] [\-tuwx] [\-enWp]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display networking information
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-r Routing table
|
|
\& \-a All sockets
|
|
\& \-l Listening sockets
|
|
\& Else: connected sockets
|
|
\& \-t TCP sockets
|
|
\& \-u UDP sockets
|
|
\& \-w Raw sockets
|
|
\& \-x Unix sockets
|
|
\& Else: all socket types
|
|
\& \-e Other/more information
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names
|
|
\& \-W Wide display
|
|
\& \-p Show PID/program name for sockets
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnice\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nice"
|
|
nice [\-n \s-1ADJUST\s0] [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change scheduling priority, run \s-1PROG\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-n ADJUST Adjust priority by ADJUST
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnl\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nl"
|
|
nl [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Write FILEs to standard output with line numbers added
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-b STYLE Which lines to number \- a: all, t: nonempty, n: none
|
|
\& \-i N Line number increment
|
|
\& \-s STRING Use STRING as line number separator
|
|
\& \-v N Start from N
|
|
\& \-w N Width of line numbers
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnmeter\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nmeter"
|
|
nmeter [\-d \s-1MSEC\s0] \s-1FORMAT_STRING\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Monitor system in real time
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-d MSEC Milliseconds between updates, default:1000, none:\-1
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Format specifiers:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& %Nc or %[cN] CPU. N \- bar size (default 10)
|
|
\& (displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)
|
|
\& %[nINTERFACE] Network INTERFACE
|
|
\& %m Allocated memory
|
|
\& %[md] Dirty file\-backed memory
|
|
\& %[mw] Memory being written to storage
|
|
\& %[mf] Free memory
|
|
\& %[mt] Total memory
|
|
\& %s Allocated swap
|
|
\& %f Number of used file descriptors
|
|
\& %Ni Total/specific IRQ rate
|
|
\& %x Context switch rate
|
|
\& %p Forks
|
|
\& %[pn] # of processes
|
|
\& %b Block io
|
|
\& %Nt Time (with N decimal points)
|
|
\& %NT Zero\-based timestamp (with N decimal points)
|
|
\& %r Print <cr> instead of <lf> at EOL
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnohup\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nohup"
|
|
nohup \s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty
|
|
.IP "\fBnologin\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nologin"
|
|
nologin
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Politely refuse a login
|
|
.IP "\fBnproc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nproc"
|
|
nproc [\-\-all] [\-\-ignore=N]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print number of available CPUs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-\-all Number of installed CPUs
|
|
\& \-\-ignore=N Exclude N CPUs
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnsenter\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nsenter"
|
|
nsenter [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-t PID Target process to get namespaces from
|
|
\& \-m[FILE] Enter mount namespace
|
|
\& \-u[FILE] Enter UTS namespace (hostname etc)
|
|
\& \-i[FILE] Enter System V IPC namespace
|
|
\& \-n[FILE] Enter network namespace
|
|
\& \-p[FILE] Enter pid namespace
|
|
\& \-U[FILE] Enter user namespace
|
|
\& \-S UID Set uid in entered namespace
|
|
\& \-G GID Set gid in entered namespace
|
|
\& \-\-preserve\-credentials Don\*(Aqt touch uids or gids
|
|
\& \-r[DIR] Set root directory
|
|
\& \-w[DIR] Set working directory
|
|
\& \-F Don\*(Aqt fork before exec\*(Aqing PROG
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBnslookup\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "nslookup"
|
|
nslookup [\-type=QUERY_TYPE] [\-debug] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1DNS_SERVER\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Query \s-1DNS\s0 about \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1QUERY_TYPE:\s0 soa,ns,a,aaaa,cname,mx,txt,ptr,srv,any
|
|
.IP "\fBntpd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ntpd"
|
|
ntpd [\-dnqNwl] [\-I \s-1IFACE\s0] [\-S \s-1PROG\s0] [\-k \s-1KEYFILE\s0] [\-p [keyno:N:]PEER]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1NTP\s0 client/server
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-d[d] Verbose
|
|
\& \-n Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-q Quit after clock is set
|
|
\& \-N Run at high priority
|
|
\& \-w Do not set time (only query peers), implies \-n
|
|
\& \-S PROG Run PROG after stepping time, stratum change, and every 11 min
|
|
\& \-k FILE Key file (ntp.keys compatible)
|
|
\& \-p [keyno:NUM:]PEER
|
|
\& Obtain time from PEER (may be repeated)
|
|
\& Use key NUM for authentication
|
|
\& If \-p is not given, \*(Aqserver HOST\*(Aq lines
|
|
\& from /etc/ntp.conf are used
|
|
\& \-l Also run as server on port 123
|
|
\& \-I IFACE Bind server to IFACE, implies \-l
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBod\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "od"
|
|
od [\-abcdfhilovxs] [\-t \s-1TYPE\s0] [\-A \s-1RADIX\s0] [\-N \s-1SIZE\s0] [\-j \s-1SKIP\s0] [\-S \s-1MINSTR\s0] [\-w \s-1WIDTH\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print FILEs (or stdin) unambiguously, as octal bytes by default
|
|
.IP "\fBopenvt\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "openvt"
|
|
openvt [\-c N] [\-sw] [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Start \s-1PROG\s0 on a new virtual terminal
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c N Use specified VT
|
|
\& \-s Switch to the VT
|
|
\& \-w Wait for PROG to exit
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpartprobe\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "partprobe"
|
|
partprobe \s-1DEVICE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Ask kernel to rescan partition table
|
|
.IP "\fBpasswd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "passwd"
|
|
passwd [\-a \s-1ALG\s0] [\-dlu] [\s-1USER\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change \s-1USER\s0's password (default: current user)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-a ALG des,md5,sha256/512 (default des)
|
|
\& \-d Set password to \*(Aq\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-l Lock (disable) account
|
|
\& \-u Unlock (enable) account
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpaste\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "paste"
|
|
paste [\-d \s-1LIST\s0] [\-s] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Paste lines from each input file, separated with tab
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-d LIST Use delimiters from LIST, not tab
|
|
\& \-s Serial: one file at a time
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpatch\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "patch"
|
|
patch [\-RNE] [\-p N] [\-i \s-1DIFF\s0] [\s-1ORIGFILE\s0 [\s-1PATCHFILE\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-p N Strip N leading components from file names
|
|
\& \-i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
|
|
\& \-R Reverse patch
|
|
\& \-N Ignore already applied patches
|
|
\& \-E Remove output files if they become empty
|
|
\& \-\-dry\-run Don\*(Aqt actually change files
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpgrep\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pgrep"
|
|
pgrep [\-flanovx] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display process(es) selected by regex \s-1PATTERN\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-l Show command name too
|
|
\& \-a Show command line too
|
|
\& \-f Match against entire command line
|
|
\& \-n Show the newest process only
|
|
\& \-o Show the oldest process only
|
|
\& \-v Negate the match
|
|
\& \-x Match whole name (not substring)
|
|
\& \-s Match session ID (0 for current)
|
|
\& \-P Match parent process ID
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpidof\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pidof"
|
|
pidof [\-s] [\-o \s-1PID\s0] [\s-1NAME\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-s Show only one PID
|
|
\& \-o PID Omit given pid
|
|
\& Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof\*(Aqs parent
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBping\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ping"
|
|
ping [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send \s-1ICMP\s0 ECHO_REQUESTs to \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-4,\-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
|
|
\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56)
|
|
\& \-i SECS Interval
|
|
\& \-A Ping as soon as reply is received
|
|
\& \-t TTL Set TTL
|
|
\& \-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address
|
|
\& \-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10)
|
|
\& (after all \-c CNT packets are sent)
|
|
\& \-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
|
|
\& (can exit earlier with \-c CNT)
|
|
\& \-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish
|
|
\& \-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBping6\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ping6"
|
|
ping6 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send \s-1ICMP\s0 ECHO_REQUESTs to \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 11
|
|
\& \-c CNT Send only CNT pings
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default 56)
|
|
\& \-i SECS Interval
|
|
\& \-A Ping as soon as reply is received
|
|
\& \-I IFACE/IP Source interface or IP address
|
|
\& \-W SEC Seconds to wait for the first response (default 10)
|
|
\& (after all \-c CNT packets are sent)
|
|
\& \-w SEC Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
|
|
\& (can exit earlier with \-c CNT)
|
|
\& \-q Quiet, only display output at start/finish
|
|
\& \-p HEXBYTE Payload pattern
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpivot_root\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pivot_root"
|
|
pivot_root \s-1NEW_ROOT PUT_OLD\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Move the current root file system to \s-1PUT_OLD\s0 and make \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0
|
|
the new root file system
|
|
.IP "\fBpkill\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pkill"
|
|
pkill [\-l|\-SIGNAL] [\-xfvnoe] [\-s SID|\-P PPID|PATTERN]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Send signal to processes selected by regex \s-1PATTERN\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-l List all signals
|
|
\& \-x Match whole name (not substring)
|
|
\& \-f Match against entire command line
|
|
\& \-s SID Match session ID (0 for current)
|
|
\& \-P PPID Match parent process ID
|
|
\& \-v Negate the match
|
|
\& \-n Signal the newest process only
|
|
\& \-o Signal the oldest process only
|
|
\& \-e Display name and PID of the process being killed
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpmap\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pmap"
|
|
pmap [\-xq] \s-1PID...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display process memory usage
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-x Show details
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpopmaildir\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "popmaildir"
|
|
popmaildir [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1MAILDIR\s0 [\s-1CONN_HELPER ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-s Skip authorization
|
|
\& \-T Get messages with TOP instead of RETR
|
|
\& \-k Keep retrieved messages on the server
|
|
\& \-t SEC Network timeout
|
|
\& \-F \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Filter program (may be repeated)
|
|
\& \-M \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Delivery program
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Fetch from plain \s-1POP3\s0 server:
|
|
popmaildir \-k \s-1DIR\s0 nc pop3.server.com 110 <user_and_pass.txt
|
|
Fetch from SSLed \s-1POP3\s0 server and delete fetched emails:
|
|
popmaildir \s-1DIR\s0 \*(-- openssl s_client \-quiet \-connect pop3.server.com:995 <user_and_pass.txt
|
|
.IP "\fBpoweroff\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "poweroff"
|
|
poweroff [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-nf]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Halt and shut off power
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-d SEC Delay interval
|
|
\& \-n Do not sync
|
|
\& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpowertop\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "powertop"
|
|
powertop
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Analyze power consumption on Intel-based laptops
|
|
.IP "\fBprintenv\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "printenv"
|
|
printenv [\s-1VARIABLE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print environment VARIABLEs.
|
|
If no \s-1VARIABLE\s0 specified, print all.
|
|
.IP "\fBprintf\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "printf"
|
|
printf \s-1FORMAT\s0 [\s-1ARG\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Format and print \s-1ARG\s0(s) according to \s-1FORMAT\s0 (a\-la C printf)
|
|
.IP "\fBps\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ps"
|
|
ps [\-o \s-1COL1\s0,COL2=HEADER] [\-T]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show list of processes
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-o COL1,COL2=HEADER Select columns for display
|
|
\& \-T Show threads
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpscan\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pscan"
|
|
pscan [\-cb] [\-p \s-1MIN_PORT\s0] [\-P \s-1MAX_PORT\s0] [\-t \s-1TIMEOUT\s0] [\-T \s-1MIN_RTT\s0] \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Scan \s-1HOST,\s0 print all open ports
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-c Show closed ports too
|
|
\& \-b Show blocked ports too
|
|
\& \-p PORT Scan from this port (default 1)
|
|
\& \-P PORT Scan up to this port (default 1024)
|
|
\& \-t MS Timeout (default 5000 ms)
|
|
\& \-T MS Minimum rtt (default 5 ms)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpstree\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pstree"
|
|
pstree [\-p] [PID|USER]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display process tree, optionally start from \s-1USER\s0 or \s-1PID\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-p Show pids
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBpwd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pwd"
|
|
pwd
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print the full filename of the current working directory
|
|
.IP "\fBpwdx\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "pwdx"
|
|
pwdx \s-1PID...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show current directory for PIDs
|
|
.IP "\fBraidautorun\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "raidautorun"
|
|
raidautorun \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Tell the kernel to automatically search and start \s-1RAID\s0 arrays
|
|
.IP "\fBrdate\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rdate"
|
|
rdate [\-s/\-p] \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set and print time from \s-1HOST\s0 using \s-1RFC 868\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-s Only set system time
|
|
\& \-p Only print time
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrdev\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rdev"
|
|
rdev
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at '/'
|
|
.IP "\fBreadahead\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "readahead"
|
|
readahead [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Preload FILEs to \s-1RAM\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBreadlink\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "readlink"
|
|
readlink [\-fnv] \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display the value of a symlink
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-f Canonicalize by following all symlinks
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt add newline
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBreadprofile\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "readprofile"
|
|
readprofile [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-m MAPFILE (Default: /boot/System.map)
|
|
\& \-p PROFILE (Default: /proc/profile)
|
|
\& \-M NUM Set the profiling multiplier to NUM
|
|
\& \-i Print only info about the sampling step
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-a Print all symbols, even if count is 0
|
|
\& \-b Print individual histogram\-bin counts
|
|
\& \-s Print individual counters within functions
|
|
\& \-r Reset all the counters (root only)
|
|
\& \-n Disable byte order auto\-detection
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrealpath\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "realpath"
|
|
realpath \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print absolute pathnames of FILEs
|
|
.IP "\fBreboot\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "reboot"
|
|
reboot [\-d \s-1DELAY\s0] [\-nf]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Reboot the system
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-d SEC Delay interval
|
|
\& \-n Do not sync
|
|
\& \-f Force (don\*(Aqt go through init)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBreformime\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "reformime"
|
|
reformime [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Parse MIME-encoded message on stdin
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-x PREFIX Extract content of MIME sections to files
|
|
\& \-X PROG ARGS Filter content of MIME sections through PROG
|
|
\& Must be the last option
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Other options are silently ignored
|
|
.IP "\fBremove-shell\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "remove-shell"
|
|
remove-shell \s-1SHELL...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Remove SHELLs from /etc/shells
|
|
.IP "\fBrenice\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "renice"
|
|
renice [\-n] \s-1PRIORITY\s0 [[\-p|g|u] \s-1ID...\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Change scheduling priority of a running process
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-n Add PRIORITY to current nice value
|
|
\& Without \-n, nice value is set to PRIORITY
|
|
\& \-p Process ids (default)
|
|
\& \-g Process group ids
|
|
\& \-u Process user names
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBreset\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "reset"
|
|
reset
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Reset terminal (\s-1ESC\s0 codes) and termios (signals, buffering, echo)
|
|
.IP "\fBresize\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "resize"
|
|
resize
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Resize the screen
|
|
.IP "\fBresume\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "resume"
|
|
resume \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0 [\s-1OFFSET\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Restore system state from 'suspend\-to\-disk' data in \s-1BLOCKDEV\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBrev\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rev"
|
|
rev [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Reverse lines of \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBrm\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rm"
|
|
rm [\-irf] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Remove (unlink) FILEs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-i Always prompt before removing
|
|
\& \-f Never prompt
|
|
\& \-R,\-r Recurse
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrmdir\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rmdir"
|
|
rmdir [\-p] \s-1DIRECTORY...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Remove \s-1DIRECTORY\s0 if it is empty
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-p Include parents
|
|
\& \-\-ignore\-fail\-on\-non\-empty
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrmmod\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rmmod"
|
|
rmmod \s-1MODULE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Unload kernel modules
|
|
.IP "\fBroute\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "route"
|
|
route [\-ne] [\-A inet[6]] [{add|del} [\-net|\-host] \s-1TARGET\s0 [netmask \s-1MASK\s0]
|
|
[gw \s-1GATEWAY\s0] [metric N] [mss \s-1BYTES\s0] [window \s-1BYTES\s0] [reject] [\s-1IFACE\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show or edit kernel routing tables
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt resolve names
|
|
\& \-e Display other/more information
|
|
\& \-A inet[6] Select address family
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrpm\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rpm"
|
|
rpm \-i \s-1PACKAGE\s0.rpm; rpm \-qp[ildc] \s-1PACKAGE\s0.rpm
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Manipulate \s-1RPM\s0 packages
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Commands:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-i Install package
|
|
\& \-qp Query package
|
|
\& \-qpi Show information
|
|
\& \-qpl List contents
|
|
\& \-qpd List documents
|
|
\& \-qpc List config files
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrpm2cpio\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rpm2cpio"
|
|
rpm2cpio \s-1PACKAGE\s0.rpm
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Output a cpio archive of the rpm file
|
|
.IP "\fBrtcwake\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rtcwake"
|
|
rtcwake [\-a | \-l | \-u] [\-d \s-1DEV\s0] [\-m \s-1MODE\s0] [\-s \s-1SEC\s0 | \-t \s-1TIME\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-a Read clock mode from /etc/adjtime (default)
|
|
\& \-l Clock is set to local time
|
|
\& \-u Clock is set to UTC time
|
|
\& \-d DEV Specify the RTC device
|
|
\& \-m MODE Set sleep state (default: standby)
|
|
\& \-s SEC Set timeout in SEC seconds from now
|
|
\& \-t TIME Set timeout to TIME seconds from epoch
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrun-init\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "run-init"
|
|
run-init [\-d \s-1CAP,CAP...\s0] [\-n] [\-c \s-1CONSOLE_DEV\s0] \s-1NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
chroot to \s-1NEW_ROOT,\s0 delete all in /, move \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 to /,
|
|
execute \s-1NEW_INIT. PID\s0 must be 1. \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 must be a mountpoint.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
|
|
\& \-d CAPS Drop capabilities
|
|
\& \-n Dry run
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrun-parts\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "run-parts"
|
|
run-parts [\-a \s-1ARG\s0]... [\-u \s-1UMASK\s0] [\-\-reverse] [\-\-test] [\-\-exit\-on\-error] [\-\-list] \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run a bunch of scripts in \s-1DIRECTORY\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-a ARG Pass ARG as argument to scripts
|
|
\& \-u UMASK Set UMASK before running scripts
|
|
\& \-\-reverse Reverse execution order
|
|
\& \-\-test Dry run
|
|
\& \-\-exit\-on\-error Exit if a script exits with non\-zero
|
|
\& \-\-list Print names of matching files even if they are not executable
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrunlevel\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "runlevel"
|
|
runlevel [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Find the current and previous system runlevel
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If no utmp \s-1FILE\s0 exists or if no runlevel record can be found,
|
|
print \*(L"unknown\*(R"
|
|
.IP "\fBrunsv\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "runsv"
|
|
runsv \s-1DIR\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service
|
|
.IP "\fBrunsvdir\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "runsvdir"
|
|
runsvdir [\-P] [\-s \s-1SCRIPT\s0] \s-1DIR\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-P Put each runsv in a new session
|
|
\& \-s SCRIPT Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBrx\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rx"
|
|
rx \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Receive a file using the xmodem protocol
|
|
.IP "\fBscript\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "script"
|
|
script [\-afq] [\-t[\s-1FILE\s0]] [\-c \s-1PROG\s0] [\s-1OUTFILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Default \s-1OUTFILE\s0 is 'typescript'
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-a Append output
|
|
\& \-c PROG Run PROG, not shell
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-t[FILE] Send timing to stderr or FILE
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBscriptreplay\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "scriptreplay"
|
|
scriptreplay \s-1TIMINGFILE\s0 [\s-1TYPESCRIPT\s0 [\s-1DIVISOR\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Play back typescripts, using timing information
|
|
.IP "\fBsed\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sed"
|
|
sed [\-i[\s-1SFX\s0]] [\-nrE] [\-f \s-1FILE\s0]... [\-e \s-1CMD\s0]... [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
or: sed [\-i[\s-1SFX\s0]] [\-nrE] \s-1CMD\s0 [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-e CMD Add CMD to sed commands to be executed
|
|
\& \-f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed
|
|
\& \-i[SFX] Edit files in\-place (otherwise write to stdout)
|
|
\& Optionally back files up, appending SFX
|
|
\& \-n Suppress automatic printing of pattern space
|
|
\& \-r,\-E Use extended regex syntax
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If no \-e or \-f, the first non-option argument is the sed command string.
|
|
Remaining arguments are input files (stdin if none).
|
|
.IP "\fBseedrng\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "seedrng"
|
|
seedrng [\-d \s-1DIR\s0] [\-n]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Seed the kernel \s-1RNG\s0 from seed files
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-d DIR Use seed files in DIR (default: /var/lib/seedrng)
|
|
\& \-n Do not credit randomness, even if creditable
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsendmail\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sendmail"
|
|
sendmail [\-tv] [\-f \s-1SENDER\s0] [\-amLOGIN 4<user_pass.txt | \-auUSER \-apPASS]
|
|
[\-w \s-1SECS\s0] [\-H '\s-1PROG ARGS\s0' | \-S \s-1HOST\s0] [\s-1RECIPIENT_EMAIL\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Read email from stdin and send it
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Standard options:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-t Read additional recipients from message body
|
|
\& \-f SENDER For use in MAIL FROM:<sender>. Can be empty string
|
|
\& Default: \-auUSER, or username of current UID
|
|
\& \-o OPTIONS Various options. \-oi implied, others are ignored
|
|
\& \-i \-oi synonym, implied and ignored
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Busybox specific options:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-w SECS Network timeout
|
|
\& \-H \*(AqPROG ARGS\*(Aq Run connection helper. Examples:
|
|
\& openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1 \-starttls smtp \-connect smtp.gmail.com:25
|
|
\& openssl s_client \-quiet \-tls1 \-connect smtp.gmail.com:465
|
|
\& $SMTP_ANTISPAM_DELAY: seconds to wait after helper connect
|
|
\& \-S HOST[:PORT] Server (default $SMTPHOST or 127.0.0.1)
|
|
\& \-amLOGIN Log in using AUTH LOGIN
|
|
\& \-amPLAIN or AUTH PLAIN
|
|
\& (\-amCRAM\-MD5 not supported)
|
|
\& \-auUSER Username for AUTH
|
|
\& \-apPASS Password for AUTH
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If no \-a options are given, authentication is not done.
|
|
If \-amLOGIN is given but no \-au/\-ap, user/password is read from fd #4.
|
|
Other options are silently ignored; \-oi is implied.
|
|
Use makemime to create emails with attachments.
|
|
.IP "\fBseq\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "seq"
|
|
seq [\-w] [\-s \s-1SEP\s0] [\s-1FIRST\s0 [\s-1INC\s0]] \s-1LAST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print numbers from \s-1FIRST\s0 to \s-1LAST,\s0 in steps of \s-1INC.
|
|
FIRST, INC\s0 default to 1.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-w Pad to last with leading zeros
|
|
\& \-s SEP String separator
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsetarch\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setarch"
|
|
setarch \s-1PERSONALITY\s0 [\-R] \s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1PERSONALITY\s0 may be:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& linux32 Set 32bit uname emulation
|
|
\& linux64 Set 64bit uname emulation
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-R Disable address space randomization
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsetconsole\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setconsole"
|
|
setconsole [\-r] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Make writes to /dev/console appear on \s-1DEVICE\s0 (default: /dev/tty).
|
|
Does not redirect kernel log output or reads from /dev/console.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-r Reset: writes to /dev/console go to kernel log tty(s)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsetfattr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setfattr"
|
|
setfattr [\-h] \-n|\-x \s-1ATTR\s0 [\-v \s-1VALUE\s0] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set extended attributes
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-h Do not follow symlinks
|
|
\& \-x ATTR Remove attribute ATTR
|
|
\& \-n ATTR Set attribute ATTR to VALUE
|
|
\& \-v VALUE (default: empty)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsetfont\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setfont"
|
|
setfont [\-m \s-1MAPFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1TTY\s0] \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Load a console font
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-m MAPFILE Load console screen map
|
|
\& \-C TTY Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsetkeycodes\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setkeycodes"
|
|
setkeycodes { \s-1SCANCODE KEYCODE\s0 }...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Modify kernel's scancode-to-keycode map,
|
|
allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1SCANCODE\s0 is either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), \s-1KEYCODE\s0 is decimal.
|
|
.IP "\fBsetlogcons\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setlogcons"
|
|
setlogcons [N]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Pin kernel output to \s-1VT\s0 console N. Default:0 (do not pin)
|
|
.IP "\fBsetpriv\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setpriv"
|
|
setpriv [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 with different privilege settings
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\-d,\-\-dump Show current capabilities
|
|
\&\-\-nnp,\-\-no\-new\-privs Ignore setuid/setgid bits and file capabilities
|
|
\&\-\-inh\-caps \s-1CAP,CAP\s0 Set inheritable capabilities
|
|
\&\-\-ambient\-caps \s-1CAP,CAP\s0 Set ambient capabilities
|
|
.IP "\fBsetserial\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setserial"
|
|
setserial [\-abGvz] { \s-1DEVICE\s0 [\s-1PARAMETER\s0 [\s-1ARG\s0]]... | \-g \s-1DEVICE...\s0 }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print or set serial port parameters
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-a Print all
|
|
\& \-b Print summary
|
|
\& \-G Print as setserial PARAMETERs
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-z Zero out serial flags before setting
|
|
\& \-g All args are device names
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
PARAMETERs: (* = takes \s-1ARG,\s0 ^ = can be turned off by preceding ^)
|
|
*port, *irq, *divisor, *uart, *baud_base, *close_delay, *closing_wait,
|
|
^fourport, ^auto_irq, ^skip_test, ^sak, ^session_lockout, ^pgrp_lockout,
|
|
^callout_nohup, ^split_termios, ^hup_notify, ^low_latency, autoconfig,
|
|
spd_normal, spd_hi, spd_vhi, spd_shi, spd_warp, spd_cust
|
|
\&\s-1ARG\s0 for uart:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& unknown, 8250, 16450, 16550, 16550A, Cirrus, 16650, 16650V2, 16750,
|
|
\& 16950, 16954, 16654, 16850, RSA, NS16550A, XSCALE, RM9000, OCTEON, AR7,
|
|
\& U6_16550A
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsetsid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setsid"
|
|
setsid [\-c] \s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 in a new session. \s-1PROG\s0 will have no controlling terminal
|
|
and will not be affected by keyboard signals (^C etc).
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-c Set controlling terminal to stdin
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsetuidgid\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "setuidgid"
|
|
setuidgid \s-1USER PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set uid and gid to \s-1USER\s0's uid and gid, drop supplementary group ids,
|
|
run \s-1PROG\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBsh\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sh"
|
|
sh [\-il] [\-|+Cabefmnuvx] [\-|+o \s-1OPT\s0]... [\-c '\s-1SCRIPT\s0' [\s-1ARG0 ARGS\s0] | \s-1FILE ARGS\s0 | \-s \s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Unix shell interpreter
|
|
.IP "\fBsha1sum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sha1sum"
|
|
sha1sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print or check \s-1SHA1\s0 checksums
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsha256sum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sha256sum"
|
|
sha256sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print or check \s-1SHA256\s0 checksums
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsha3sum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sha3sum"
|
|
sha3sum [\-c[sw]] [\-a \s-1BITS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print or check \s-1SHA3\s0 checksums
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
\& \-a BITS 224 (default), 256, 384, 512
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsha512sum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sha512sum"
|
|
sha512sum [\-c[sw]] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print or check \s-1SHA512\s0 checksums
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c Check sums against list in FILEs
|
|
\& \-s Don\*(Aqt output anything, status code shows success
|
|
\& \-w Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBshowkey\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "showkey"
|
|
showkey [\-a | \-k | \-s]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show keys pressed
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-a Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys
|
|
\& \-k Display interpreted keycodes (default)
|
|
\& \-s Display raw scan\-codes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBshred\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "shred"
|
|
shred [\-fuz] [\-n N] [\-s \s-1SIZE\s0] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Overwrite/delete FILEs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-f Chmod to ensure writability
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Size to write
|
|
\& \-n N Overwrite N times (default 3)
|
|
\& \-z Final overwrite with zeros
|
|
\& \-u Remove file
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBshuf\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "shuf"
|
|
shuf [\-n \s-1NUM\s0] [\-o \s-1FILE\s0] [\-z] [\s-1FILE\s0 | \-e [\s-1ARG...\s0] | \-i L\-H]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Randomly permute lines
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-n NUM Output at most NUM lines
|
|
\& \-o FILE Write to FILE, not standard output
|
|
\& \-z NUL terminated output
|
|
\& \-e Treat ARGs as lines
|
|
\& \-i L\-H Treat numbers L\-H as lines
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBslattach\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "slattach"
|
|
slattach [\-ehmLF] [\-c \s-1SCRIPT\s0] [\-s \s-1BAUD\s0] [\-p \s-1PROTOCOL\s0] \s-1SERIAL_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Configure serial line as \s-1SLIP\s0 network interface
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-p PROT Protocol: slip, cslip (default), slip6, clisp6, adaptive
|
|
\& \-s BAUD Line speed
|
|
\& \-e Exit after initialization
|
|
\& \-h Exit if carrier is lost (else never exits)
|
|
\& \-c PROG Run PROG on carrier loss
|
|
\& \-m Do NOT set raw 8bit mode
|
|
\& \-L Enable 3\-wire operation
|
|
\& \-F Disable RTS/CTS flow control
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsleep\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sleep"
|
|
sleep [N]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can
|
|
have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays
|
|
.IP "\fBsmemcap\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "smemcap"
|
|
smemcap >\s-1SMEMDATA.TAR\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Collect memory usage data in /proc and write it to stdout
|
|
.IP "\fBsoftlimit\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "softlimit"
|
|
softlimit [\-a \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-m \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-d \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-s \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-l \s-1BYTES\s0]
|
|
[\-f \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-c \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-r \s-1BYTES\s0] [\-o N] [\-p N] [\-t N]
|
|
\s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set soft resource limits, then run \s-1PROG\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-a BYTES Limit total size of all segments
|
|
\& \-m BYTES Same as \-d BYTES \-s BYTES \-l BYTES \-a BYTES
|
|
\& \-d BYTES Limit data segment
|
|
\& \-s BYTES Limit stack segment
|
|
\& \-l BYTES Limit locked memory size
|
|
\& \-o N Limit number of open files per process
|
|
\& \-p N Limit number of processes per uid
|
|
\&Options controlling file sizes:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-f BYTES Limit output file sizes
|
|
\& \-c BYTES Limit core file size
|
|
\&Efficiency opts:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-r BYTES Limit resident set size
|
|
\& \-t N Limit CPU time, process receives
|
|
\& a SIGXCPU after N seconds
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsort\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sort"
|
|
sort [\-nrughMcszbdfiokt] [\-o \s-1FILE\s0] [\-k START[.OFS][\s-1OPTS\s0][,END[.OFS][\s-1OPTS\s0]] [\-t \s-1CHAR\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Sort lines of text
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-o FILE Output to FILE
|
|
\& \-c Check whether input is sorted
|
|
\& \-b Ignore leading blanks
|
|
\& \-f Ignore case
|
|
\& \-i Ignore unprintable characters
|
|
\& \-d Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
|
|
\& \-n Sort numbers
|
|
\& \-g General numerical sort
|
|
\& \-h Sort human readable numbers (2K 1G)
|
|
\& \-M Sort month
|
|
\& \-V Sort version
|
|
\& \-t CHAR Field separator
|
|
\& \-k N[,M] Sort by Nth field
|
|
\& \-r Reverse sort order
|
|
\& \-s Stable (don\*(Aqt sort ties alphabetically)
|
|
\& \-u Suppress duplicate lines
|
|
\& \-z NUL terminated input and output
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsplit\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "split"
|
|
split [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1INPUT\s0 [\s-1PREFIX\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-b N[k|m] Split by N (kilo|mega)bytes
|
|
\& \-l N Split by N lines
|
|
\& \-a N Use N letters as suffix
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBssl_client\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ssl_client"
|
|
ssl_client [\-e] \-s \s-1FD\s0 [\-r \s-1FD\s0] [\-n \s-1SNI\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBstart-stop-daemon\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "start-stop-daemon"
|
|
start-stop-daemon [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\-S|\-K] ... [\-\- \s-1ARGS...\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Search for matching processes, and then
|
|
\&\-K: stop all matching processes
|
|
\&\-S: start a process unless a matching process is found
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Process matching:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-u USERNAME|UID Match only this user\*(Aqs processes
|
|
\& \-n NAME Match processes with NAME
|
|
\& in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
|
|
\& \-x EXECUTABLE Match processes with this command
|
|
\& in /proc/PID/cmdline
|
|
\& \-p FILE Match a process with PID from FILE
|
|
\& All specified conditions must match
|
|
\&\-S only:
|
|
\& \-x EXECUTABLE Program to run
|
|
\& \-a NAME Zeroth argument
|
|
\& \-b Background
|
|
\& \-N N Change nice level
|
|
\& \-c USER[:[GRP]] Change user/group
|
|
\& \-m Write PID to pidfile specified by \-p
|
|
\&\-K only:
|
|
\& \-s SIG Signal to send
|
|
\& \-t Match only, exit with 0 if found
|
|
\&Other:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-o Exit with status 0 if nothing is done
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBstat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "stat"
|
|
stat [\-ltf] [\-c \s-1FMT\s0] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display file (default) or filesystem status
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-c FMT Use the specified format
|
|
\& \-f Display filesystem status
|
|
\& \-L Follow links
|
|
\& \-t Terse display
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1FMT\s0 sequences for files:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& %a Access rights in octal
|
|
\& %A Access rights in human readable form
|
|
\& %b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)
|
|
\& %B Size in bytes of each block reported by %b
|
|
\& %d Device number in decimal
|
|
\& %D Device number in hex
|
|
\& %f Raw mode in hex
|
|
\& %F File type
|
|
\& %g Group ID
|
|
\& %G Group name
|
|
\& %h Number of hard links
|
|
\& %i Inode number
|
|
\& %n File name
|
|
\& %N File name, with \-> TARGET if symlink
|
|
\& %o I/O block size
|
|
\& %s Total size in bytes
|
|
\& %t Major device type in hex
|
|
\& %T Minor device type in hex
|
|
\& %u User ID
|
|
\& %U User name
|
|
\& %x Time of last access
|
|
\& %X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch
|
|
\& %y Time of last modification
|
|
\& %Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch
|
|
\& %z Time of last change
|
|
\& %Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1FMT\s0 sequences for file systems:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& %a Free blocks available to non\-superuser
|
|
\& %b Total data blocks
|
|
\& %c Total file nodes
|
|
\& %d Free file nodes
|
|
\& %f Free blocks
|
|
\& %i File System ID in hex
|
|
\& %l Maximum length of filenames
|
|
\& %n File name
|
|
\& %s Block size (for faster transfer)
|
|
\& %S Fundamental block size (for block counts)
|
|
\& %t Type in hex
|
|
\& %T Type in human readable form
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBstrings\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "strings"
|
|
strings [\-fo] [\-t o|d|x] [\-n \s-1LEN\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display printable strings in a binary file
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-f Precede strings with filenames
|
|
\& \-o Precede strings with octal offsets
|
|
\& \-t o|d|x Precede strings with offsets in base 8/10/16
|
|
\& \-n LEN At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBstty\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "stty"
|
|
stty [\-a|g] [\-F \s-1DEVICE\s0] [\s-1SETTING\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline,
|
|
and deviations from stty sane
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-F DEVICE Open device instead of stdin
|
|
\& \-a Print all current settings in human\-readable form
|
|
\& \-g Print in stty\-readable form
|
|
\& [SETTING] See manpage
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsu\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "su"
|
|
su [\-lmp] [\-s \s-1SH\s0] [\-] [\s-1USER\s0 [\s-1FILE ARGS\s0 | \-c '\s-1CMD\s0' [\s-1ARG0 ARGS\s0]]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run shell under \s-1USER\s0 (by default, root)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-,\-l Clear environment, go to home dir, run shell as login shell
|
|
\& \-p,\-m Do not set new $HOME, $SHELL, $USER, $LOGNAME
|
|
\& \-c CMD Command to pass to \*(Aqsh \-c\*(Aq
|
|
\& \-s SH Shell to use instead of user\*(Aqs default
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsulogin\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sulogin"
|
|
sulogin [\-t N] [\s-1TTY\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Single user login
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-p Start a login shell
|
|
\& \-t SEC Timeout
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsum\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sum"
|
|
sum [\-rs] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Checksum and count the blocks in a file
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-r Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
|
|
\& \-s Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsv\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sv"
|
|
sv [\-v] [\-w \s-1SEC\s0] \s-1CMD SERVICE_DIR...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Control services monitored by runsv supervisor.
|
|
Commands (only first character is enough):
|
|
.Sp
|
|
status: query service status
|
|
up: if service isn't running, start it. If service stops, restart it
|
|
once: like 'up', but if service stops, don't restart it
|
|
down: send \s-1TERM\s0 and \s-1CONT\s0 signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish
|
|
if it exists. After it stops, don't restart service
|
|
exit: send \s-1TERM\s0 and \s-1CONT\s0 signals to service and log service. If they exit,
|
|
runsv exits too
|
|
pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send
|
|
\&\s-1STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL\s0 signal to service
|
|
.IP "\fBsvc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "svc"
|
|
svc [\-udopchaitkx] \s-1SERVICE_DIR...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Control services monitored by runsv supervisor
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-u If service is not running, start it; restart if it stops
|
|
\& \-d If service is running, send TERM+CONT signals; do not restart it
|
|
\& \-o Once: if service is not running, start it; do not restart it
|
|
\& \-pchaitk Send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, TERM, KILL signal to service
|
|
\& \-x Exit: runsv will exit as soon as the service is down
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsvlogd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "svlogd"
|
|
svlogd [\-tttv] [\-r C] [\-R \s-1CHARS\s0] [\-l \s-1MATCHLEN\s0] [\-b \s-1BUFLEN\s0] \s-1DIR...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Read log data from stdin and write to rotated log files in DIRs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-r C Replace non\-printable characters with C
|
|
\& \-R CHARS Also replace CHARS with C (default _)
|
|
\& \-t Timestamp with @tai64n
|
|
\& \-tt Timestamp with yyyy\-mm\-dd_hh:mm:ss.sssss
|
|
\& \-ttt Timestamp with yyyy\-mm\-ddThh:mm:ss.sssss
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
DIR/config file modifies behavior:
|
|
sSIZE \- when to rotate logs (default 1000000, 0 disables)
|
|
nNUM \- number of files to retain
|
|
!PROG \- process rotated log with \s-1PROG
|
|
+,\-PATTERN\s0 \- (de)select line for logging
|
|
E,ePATTERN \- (de)select line for stderr
|
|
.IP "\fBsvok\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "svok"
|
|
svok \s-1SERVICE_DIR\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Check whether runsv supervisor is running.
|
|
Exit code is 0 if it does, 100 if it does not,
|
|
111 (with error message) if \s-1SERVICE_DIR\s0 does not exist.
|
|
.IP "\fBswapoff\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "swapoff"
|
|
swapoff [\-a] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Stop swapping on \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-a Stop swapping on all swap devices
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBswapon\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "swapon"
|
|
swapon [\-a] [\-e] [\-d[\s-1POL\s0]] [\-p \s-1PRI\s0] [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Start swapping on \s-1DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-a Start swapping on all swap devices
|
|
\& \-d[POL] Discard blocks at swapon (POL=once),
|
|
\& as freed (POL=pages), or both (POL omitted)
|
|
\& \-e Silently skip devices that do not exist
|
|
\& \-p PRI Set swap device priority
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBswitch_root\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "switch_root"
|
|
switch_root [\-c \s-1CONSOLE_DEV\s0] \s-1NEW_ROOT NEW_INIT\s0 [\s-1ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
chroot to \s-1NEW_ROOT,\s0 delete all in /, move \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 to /,
|
|
execute \s-1NEW_INIT. PID\s0 must be 1. \s-1NEW_ROOT\s0 must be a mountpoint.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-c DEV Reopen stdio to DEV after switch
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsync\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sync"
|
|
sync [\-df] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Write all buffered blocks (in FILEs) to disk
|
|
\-d Avoid syncing metadata
|
|
\-f Sync filesystems underlying FILEs
|
|
.IP "\fBsysctl\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "sysctl"
|
|
sysctl [\-enq] { \-a | \-p [\s-1FILE\s0]... | [\-w] [KEY[=VALUE]]... }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show/set kernel parameters
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-e Don\*(Aqt warn about unknown keys
|
|
\& \-n Don\*(Aqt show key names
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-a Show all values
|
|
\& \-p Set values from FILEs (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
|
|
\& \-w Set values
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBsyslogd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "syslogd"
|
|
syslogd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
System logging utility
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-n Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-R HOST[:PORT] Log to HOST:PORT (default PORT:514)
|
|
\& \-L Log locally and via network (default is network only if \-R)
|
|
\& \-C[size_kb] Log to shared mem buffer (use logread to read it)
|
|
\& \-K Log to kernel printk buffer (use dmesg to read it)
|
|
\& \-O FILE Log to FILE (default: /var/log/messages, stdout if \-)
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Max size (KB) before rotation (default 200KB, 0=off)
|
|
\& \-b N N rotated logs to keep (default 1, max 99, 0=purge)
|
|
\& \-l N Log only messages more urgent than prio N (1\-8)
|
|
\& \-S Smaller output
|
|
\& \-t Strip client\-generated timestamps
|
|
\& \-D Drop duplicates
|
|
\& \-f FILE Use FILE as config (default:/etc/syslog.conf)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtac\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tac"
|
|
tac [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Concatenate FILEs and print them in reverse
|
|
.IP "\fBtail\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tail"
|
|
tail [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print last 10 lines of FILEs (or stdin) to.
|
|
With more than one \s-1FILE,\s0 precede each with a filename header.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-c [+]N[bkm] Print last N bytes
|
|
\& \-n N[bkm] Print last N lines
|
|
\& \-n +N[bkm] Start on Nth line and print the rest
|
|
\& (b:*512 k:*1024 m:*1024^2)
|
|
\& \-q Never print headers
|
|
\& \-v Always print headers
|
|
\& \-f Print data as file grows
|
|
\& \-F Same as \-f, but keep retrying
|
|
\& \-s SECONDS Wait SECONDS between reads with \-f
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtar\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tar"
|
|
tar c|x|t [\-zJjahmvokO] [\-f \s-1TARFILE\s0] [\-C \s-1DIR\s0] [\-T \s-1FILE\s0] [\-X \s-1FILE\s0] [\s-1LONGOPT\s0]... [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create, extract, or list files from a tar file
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& c Create
|
|
\& x Extract
|
|
\& t List
|
|
\& \-f FILE Name of TARFILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdin/out)
|
|
\& \-C DIR Change to DIR before operation
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-O Extract to stdout
|
|
\& \-m Don\*(Aqt restore mtime
|
|
\& \-o Don\*(Aqt restore user:group
|
|
\& \-k Don\*(Aqt replace existing files
|
|
\& \-z (De)compress using gzip
|
|
\& \-J (De)compress using xz
|
|
\& \-j (De)compress using bzip2
|
|
\& \-\-lzma (De)compress using lzma
|
|
\& \-a (De)compress based on extension
|
|
\& \-h Follow symlinks
|
|
\& \-T FILE File with names to include
|
|
\& \-X FILE File with glob patterns to exclude
|
|
\& \-\-exclude PATTERN Glob pattern to exclude
|
|
\& \-\-overwrite Replace existing files
|
|
\& \-\-strip\-components NUM NUM of leading components to strip
|
|
\& \-\-no\-recursion Don\*(Aqt descend in directories
|
|
\& \-\-numeric\-owner Use numeric user:group
|
|
\& \-\-no\-same\-permissions Don\*(Aqt restore access permissions
|
|
\& \-\-to\-command COMMAND Pipe files to COMMAND
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtaskset\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "taskset"
|
|
taskset [\-ap] [\s-1HEXMASK\s0 | \-c \s-1LIST\s0] { \s-1PID\s0 | \s-1PROG ARGS\s0 }
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Set or get \s-1CPU\s0 affinity
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-p Operate on PID
|
|
\& \-a Operate on all threads
|
|
\& \-c Affinity is a list, not mask
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tc"
|
|
tc \s-1OBJECT CMD\s0 [dev \s-1STRING\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1OBJECT:\s0 qdisc|class|filter
|
|
\&\s-1CMD:\s0 add|del|change|replace|show
|
|
.Sp
|
|
qdisc [handle \s-1QHANDLE\s0] [root|ingress|parent \s-1CLASSID\s0]
|
|
[[\s-1QDISC_KIND\s0] [help|OPTIONS]]
|
|
\s-1QDISC_KIND\s0 := [p|b]fifo|tbf|prio|cbq|red|etc.
|
|
qdisc show [dev \s-1STRING\s0] [ingress]
|
|
class [classid \s-1CLASSID\s0] [root|parent \s-1CLASSID\s0]
|
|
[[\s-1QDISC_KIND\s0] [help|OPTIONS] ]
|
|
class show [ dev \s-1STRING\s0 ] [root|parent \s-1CLASSID\s0]
|
|
filter [pref \s-1PRIO\s0] [protocol \s-1PROTO\s0]
|
|
[root|classid \s-1CLASSID\s0] [handle \s-1FILTERID\s0]
|
|
[[\s-1FILTER_TYPE\s0] [help|OPTIONS]]
|
|
filter show [dev \s-1STRING\s0] [root|parent \s-1CLASSID\s0]
|
|
.IP "\fBtcpsvd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tcpsvd"
|
|
tcpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-C N[:MSG]] [\-b N] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-l \s-1NAME\s0] \s-1IP PORT PROG\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create \s-1TCP\s0 socket, bind to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 and listen for incoming connections.
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 for each connection.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on
|
|
\& PROG ARGS Program to run
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
|
|
\& \-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30)
|
|
\& \-b N Allow backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs (default 20)
|
|
\& \-C N[:MSG] Allow only up to N connections from the same IP:
|
|
\& new connections from this IP address are closed
|
|
\& immediately, MSG is written to the peer before close
|
|
\& \-E Don\*(Aqt set up environment
|
|
\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname
|
|
\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS)
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Environment if no \-E:
|
|
PROTO='\s-1TCP\s0'
|
|
TCPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6)
|
|
TCPLOCALADDR='ip:port'
|
|
TCPORIGDSTADDR='ip:port' of destination before firewall
|
|
Useful for REDIRECTed-to-local connections:
|
|
iptables \-t nat \-A \s-1PREROUTING\s0 \-p tcp \-\-dport 80 \-j \s-1REDIRECT\s0 \-\-to 8080
|
|
TCPCONCURRENCY=num_of_connects_from_this_ip
|
|
If \-h:
|
|
TCPLOCALHOST='hostname' (\-l \s-1NAME\s0 is used if specified)
|
|
TCPREMOTEHOST='hostname'
|
|
.IP "\fBtee\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tee"
|
|
tee [\-ai] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Copy stdin to each \s-1FILE,\s0 and also to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-a Append to the given FILEs, don\*(Aqt overwrite
|
|
\& \-i Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtelnet\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "telnet"
|
|
telnet [\-a] [\-l \s-1USER\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Connect to telnet server
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-a Automatic login with $USER variable
|
|
\& \-l USER Automatic login as USER
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtelnetd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "telnetd"
|
|
telnetd [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Handle incoming telnet connections
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 11
|
|
\& \-l LOGIN Exec LOGIN on connect
|
|
\& \-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
|
|
\& \-K Close connection as soon as login exits
|
|
\& (normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
|
|
\& \-p PORT Port to listen on. Default 23
|
|
\& \-b ADDR[:PORT] Address to bind to
|
|
\& \-F Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-i Inetd mode
|
|
\& \-w SEC Inetd \*(Aqwait\*(Aq mode, linger time SEC
|
|
\& inetd.conf line: 23 stream tcp wait root telnetd telnetd \-w10
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog (implied by \-i or without \-F and \-w)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtftp\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tftp"
|
|
tftp [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1PORT\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Transfer a file from/to tftp server
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-l FILE Local FILE
|
|
\& \-r FILE Remote FILE
|
|
\& \-g Get file
|
|
\& \-p Put file
|
|
\& \-b SIZE Transfer blocks in bytes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtftpd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tftpd"
|
|
tftpd [\-crl] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\s-1DIR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Transfer a file on tftp client's request
|
|
.Sp
|
|
tftpd is an inetd service, inetd.conf line:
|
|
69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd \-l /files/to/serve
|
|
Can be run from udpsvd:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& udpsvd \-vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-r Prohibit upload
|
|
\& \-c Allow file creation via upload
|
|
\& \-u USER Access files as USER
|
|
\& \-l Log to syslog (inetd mode requires this)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtime\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "time"
|
|
time [\-vpa] [\-o \s-1FILE\s0] \s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG,\s0 display resource usage when it exits
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-p POSIX output format
|
|
\& \-f FMT Custom format
|
|
\& \-o FILE Write result to FILE
|
|
\& \-a Append (else overwrite)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtimeout\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "timeout"
|
|
timeout [\-s \s-1SIG\s0] [\-k \s-1KILL_SECS\s0] \s-1SECS PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG.\s0 Send \s-1SIG\s0 to it if it is not gone in \s-1SECS\s0 seconds.
|
|
Default \s-1SIG: TERM\s0.If it still exists in \s-1KILL_SECS\s0 seconds, send \s-1KILL.\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBtop\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "top"
|
|
top [\-bmH] [\-n \s-1COUNT\s0] [\-d \s-1SECONDS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show a view of process activity in real time.
|
|
Read the status of all processes from /proc each \s-1SECONDS\s0
|
|
and show a screenful of them.
|
|
Keys:
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& N/M/P/T: show CPU usage, sort by pid/mem/cpu/time
|
|
\& S: show memory
|
|
\& R: reverse sort
|
|
\& H: toggle threads, 1: toggle SMP
|
|
\& Q,^C: exit
|
|
\&Options:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& \-b Batch mode
|
|
\& \-n N Exit after N iterations
|
|
\& \-d SEC Delay between updates
|
|
\& \-m Same as \*(Aqs\*(Aq key
|
|
\& \-H Show threads
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtouch\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "touch"
|
|
touch [\-cham] [\-d \s-1DATE\s0] [\-t \s-1DATE\s0] [\-r \s-1FILE\s0] \s-1FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Update mtime of FILEs
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-c Don\*(Aqt create files
|
|
\& \-h Don\*(Aqt follow links
|
|
\& \-a Change only atime
|
|
\& \-m Change only mtime
|
|
\& \-d DT Date/time to use
|
|
\& \-t DT Date/time to use
|
|
\& \-r FILE Use FILE\*(Aqs date/time
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtr\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tr"
|
|
tr [\-cds] \s-1STRING1\s0 [\s-1STRING2\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Translate, squeeze, or delete characters from stdin, writing to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c Take complement of STRING1
|
|
\& \-d Delete input characters coded STRING1
|
|
\& \-s Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtraceroute\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "traceroute"
|
|
traceroute [\-46IFlnrv] [\-f 1ST_TTL] [\-m \s-1MAXTTL\s0] [\-q \s-1PROBES\s0] [\-p \s-1PORT\s0]
|
|
[\-t \s-1TOS\s0] [\-w \s-1WAIT_SEC\s0] [\-s \s-1SRC_IP\s0] [\-i \s-1IFACE\s0]
|
|
[\-z \s-1PAUSE_MSEC\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1BYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Trace the route to \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-4,\-6 Force IP or IPv6 name resolution
|
|
\& \-F Set don\*(Aqt fragment bit
|
|
\& \-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
|
|
\& \-l Display TTL value of the returned packet
|
|
\& \-n Print numeric addresses
|
|
\& \-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-f N First number of hops (default 1)
|
|
\& \-m N Max number of hops
|
|
\& \-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)
|
|
\& \-p N Base UDP port number used in probes
|
|
\& (default 33434)
|
|
\& \-s IP Source address
|
|
\& \-i IFACE Source interface
|
|
\& \-t N Type\-of\-service in probe packets (default 0)
|
|
\& \-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3)
|
|
\& \-z MSEC Wait before each send
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtraceroute6\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "traceroute6"
|
|
traceroute6 [\-Inrv] [\-f 1ST_TTL] [\-m \s-1MAXTTL\s0] [\-q \s-1PROBES\s0] [\-p \s-1PORT\s0]
|
|
[\-t \s-1TOS\s0] [\-w \s-1WAIT_SEC\s0] [\-s \s-1SRC_IP\s0] [\-i \s-1IFACE\s0]
|
|
[\-z \s-1PAUSE_MSEC\s0] \s-1HOST\s0 [\s-1BYTES\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Trace the route to \s-1HOST\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-I Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
|
|
\& \-n Print numeric addresses
|
|
\& \-r Bypass routing tables, send directly to HOST
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\& \-f N First number of hops (default 1)
|
|
\& \-m N Max number of hops
|
|
\& \-q N Number of probes per hop (default 3)
|
|
\& \-p N Base UDP port number used in probes
|
|
\& (default 33434)
|
|
\& \-s IP Source address
|
|
\& \-i IFACE Source interface
|
|
\& \-t N Type\-of\-service in probe packets (default 0)
|
|
\& \-w SEC Wait for a response (default 3)
|
|
\& \-z MSEC Wait before each send
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtruncate\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "truncate"
|
|
truncate [\-c] \-s \s-1SIZE FILE...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Truncate FILEs to \s-1SIZE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-c Do not create files
|
|
\& \-s SIZE
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBts\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ts"
|
|
ts [\-is] [\s-1STRFTIME\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Pipe stdin to stdout, add timestamp to each line
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-s Time since start
|
|
\& \-i Time since previous line
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBtsort\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tsort"
|
|
tsort [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Topological sort
|
|
.IP "\fBtty\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tty"
|
|
tty [\-s]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print file name of stdin's terminal
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-s Print nothing, only return exit status
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBttysize\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ttysize"
|
|
ttysize [w] [h]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print dimensions of stdin tty, or 80x24
|
|
.IP "\fBtunctl\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "tunctl"
|
|
tunctl [\-f \s-1DEVICE\s0] [\-t \s-1NAME\s0 | \-d \s-1NAME\s0] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-g \s-1GRP\s0] [\-b]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create or delete \s-1TUN/TAP\s0 interfaces
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-f DEV TUN device (default /dev/net/tun)
|
|
\& \-t NAME Create iface (default: tapN)
|
|
\& \-d NAME Delete iface
|
|
\& \-u USER Set iface owner
|
|
\& \-g GRP Set iface group
|
|
\& \-b Brief output
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBubiattach\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ubiattach"
|
|
ubiattach \-m \s-1MTD_NUM\s0 [\-d \s-1UBI_NUM\s0] [\-O \s-1VID_HDR_OFF\s0] \s-1UBI_CTRL_DEV\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Attach \s-1MTD\s0 device to \s-1UBI\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-m MTD_NUM MTD device number to attach
|
|
\& \-d UBI_NUM UBI device number to assign
|
|
\& \-O VID_HDR_OFF VID header offset
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBubidetach\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ubidetach"
|
|
ubidetach \-d \s-1UBI_NUM UBI_CTRL_DEV\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Detach \s-1MTD\s0 device from \s-1UBI\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-d UBI_NUM UBI device number
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBubimkvol\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ubimkvol"
|
|
ubimkvol \-N \s-1NAME\s0 [\-s \s-1SIZE\s0 | \-m] \s-1UBI_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create \s-1UBI\s0 volume
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 7
|
|
\& \-a ALIGNMENT Volume alignment (default 1)
|
|
\& \-m Set volume size to maximum available
|
|
\& \-n VOLID Volume ID. If not specified,
|
|
\& assigned automatically
|
|
\& \-N NAME Volume name
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Size in bytes
|
|
\& \-t TYPE Volume type (static|dynamic)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBubirename\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ubirename"
|
|
ubirename \s-1UBI_DEVICE OLD_VOLNAME NEW_VOLNAME\s0 [\s-1OLD2 NEW2\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Rename \s-1UBI\s0 volumes on \s-1UBI_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.IP "\fBubirmvol\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ubirmvol"
|
|
ubirmvol \-n \s-1VOLID\s0 | \-N \s-1VOLNAME UBI_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Remove \s-1UBI\s0 volume
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-n VOLID Volume ID
|
|
\& \-N VOLNAME Volume name
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBubirsvol\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ubirsvol"
|
|
ubirsvol \-n \s-1VOLID\s0 \-s \s-1SIZE UBI_DEVICE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Resize \s-1UBI\s0 volume
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-n VOLID Volume ID
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Size in bytes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBubiupdatevol\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "ubiupdatevol"
|
|
ubiupdatevol \-t \s-1UBI_DEVICE\s0 | [\-s \s-1SIZE\s0] \s-1UBI_DEVICE IMG_FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Update \s-1UBI\s0 volume
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-t Truncate to zero size
|
|
\& \-s SIZE Size in bytes to resize to
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBudhcpc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "udhcpc"
|
|
udhcpc [\-fbqvRB] [\-a[\s-1MSEC\s0]] [\-t N] [\-T \s-1SEC\s0] [\-A SEC|\-n]
|
|
[\-i \s-1IFACE\s0] [\-s \s-1PROG\s0] [\-p \s-1PIDFILE\s0]
|
|
[\-oC] [\-r \s-1IP\s0] [\-V \s-1VENDOR\s0] [\-F \s-1NAME\s0] [\-x \s-1OPT:VAL\s0]... [\-O \s-1OPT\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
|
|
\& \-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)
|
|
\& \-p FILE Create pidfile
|
|
\& \-B Request broadcast replies
|
|
\& \-t N Send up to N discover packets (default 3)
|
|
\& \-T SEC Pause between packets (default 3)
|
|
\& \-A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20)
|
|
\& \-b Background if lease is not obtained
|
|
\& \-n Exit if lease is not obtained
|
|
\& \-q Exit after obtaining lease
|
|
\& \-R Release IP on exit
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog too
|
|
\& \-a[MSEC] Validate offered address with ARP ping
|
|
\& \-r IP Request this IP address
|
|
\& \-o Don\*(Aqt request any options (unless \-O is given)
|
|
\& \-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative)
|
|
\& \-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative)
|
|
\& Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts:
|
|
\& \-x hostname:bbox \- option 12
|
|
\& \-x lease:3600 \- option 51 (lease time)
|
|
\& \-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE \- option 61 (client id)
|
|
\& \-x 14:\*(Aq"dumpfile"\*(Aq \- option 14 (shell\-quoted)
|
|
\& \-F NAME Ask server to update DNS mapping for NAME
|
|
\& \-V VENDOR Vendor identifier (default \*(Aqudhcp VERSION\*(Aq)
|
|
\& \-C Don\*(Aqt send MAC as client identifier
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\&Signals:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& USR1 Renew lease
|
|
\& USR2 Release lease
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBudhcpc6\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "udhcpc6"
|
|
udhcpc6 [\-fbqvR] [\-t N] [\-T \s-1SEC\s0] [\-A SEC|\-n] [\-i \s-1IFACE\s0] [\-s \s-1PROG\s0]
|
|
[\-p \s-1PIDFILE\s0] [\-ldo] [\-r IPv6] [\-x \s-1OPT:VAL\s0]... [\-O \s-1OPT\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-i IFACE Interface to use (default eth0)
|
|
\& \-p FILE Create pidfile
|
|
\& \-s PROG Run PROG at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default6.script)
|
|
\& \-B Request broadcast replies
|
|
\& \-t N Send up to N discover packets
|
|
\& \-T SEC Pause between packets (default 3)
|
|
\& \-A SEC Wait if lease is not obtained (default 20)
|
|
\& \-b Background if lease is not obtained
|
|
\& \-n Exit if lease is not obtained
|
|
\& \-q Exit after obtaining lease
|
|
\& \-R Release IP on exit
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog too
|
|
\& \-l Send \*(Aqinformation request\*(Aq instead of \*(Aqsolicit\*(Aq
|
|
\& (used for servers which do not assign IPv6 addresses)
|
|
\& \-r IPv6 Request this address (\*(Aqno\*(Aq to not request any IP)
|
|
\& \-d Request prefix
|
|
\& \-o Don\*(Aqt request any options (unless \-O is given)
|
|
\& \-O OPT Request option OPT from server (cumulative)
|
|
\& \-x OPT:VAL Include option OPT in sent packets (cumulative)
|
|
\& Examples of string, numeric, and hex byte opts:
|
|
\& \-x hostname:bbox \- option 12
|
|
\& \-x lease:3600 \- option 51 (lease time)
|
|
\& \-x 0x3d:0100BEEFC0FFEE \- option 61 (client id)
|
|
\& \-x 14:\*(Aq"dumpfile"\*(Aq \- option 14 (shell\-quoted)
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
\&Signals:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& USR1 Renew lease
|
|
\& USR2 Release lease
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBudhcpd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "udhcpd"
|
|
udhcpd [\-fS] [\-I \s-1ADDR\s0] [\-a \s-1MSEC\s0] [\s-1CONFFILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\s-1DHCP\s0 server
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-S Log to syslog too
|
|
\& \-I ADDR Local address
|
|
\& \-a MSEC Timeout for ARP ping (default 2000)
|
|
\&Signals:
|
|
\&
|
|
\& USR1 Update lease file
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBudpsvd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "udpsvd"
|
|
udpsvd [\-hEv] [\-c N] [\-u \s-1USER\s0] [\-l \s-1NAME\s0] \s-1IP PORT PROG\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create \s-1UDP\s0 socket, bind to \s-1IP:PORT\s0 and wait for incoming packets.
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same
|
|
peer ip:port to it.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& IP PORT IP:PORT to listen on
|
|
\& PROG ARGS Program to run
|
|
\& \-u USER[:GRP] Change to user/group after bind
|
|
\& \-c N Up to N connections simultaneously (default 30)
|
|
\& \-E Don\*(Aqt set up environment
|
|
\& \-h Look up peer\*(Aqs hostname
|
|
\& \-l NAME Local hostname (else look up local hostname in DNS)
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Environment if no \-E:
|
|
PROTO='\s-1UDP\s0'
|
|
UDPREMOTEADDR='ip:port' ('[ip]:port' for IPv6)
|
|
UDPLOCALADDR='ip:port'
|
|
If \-h:
|
|
UDPLOCALHOST='hostname' (\-l \s-1NAME\s0 is used if specified)
|
|
UDPREMOTEHOST='hostname'
|
|
.IP "\fBuevent\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "uevent"
|
|
uevent [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
uevent runs \s-1PROG\s0 for every netlink notification.
|
|
\&\s-1PROG\s0's environment contains data passed from the kernel.
|
|
Typical usage (daemon for dynamic device node creation):
|
|
# uevent mdev & mdev \-s
|
|
.IP "\fBumount\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "umount"
|
|
umount [\-rlfda] [\-t \s-1FSTYPE\s0] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Unmount filesystems
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& \-a Unmount all filesystems
|
|
\& \-r Remount devices read\-only if mount is busy
|
|
\& \-l Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
|
|
\& \-f Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
|
|
\& \-d Free loop device if it has been used
|
|
\& \-t FSTYPE[,...] Unmount only these filesystem type(s)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBuname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "uname"
|
|
uname [\-amnrspvio]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print system information
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-a Print all
|
|
\& \-m Machine (hardware) type
|
|
\& \-n Hostname
|
|
\& \-r Kernel release
|
|
\& \-s Kernel name (default)
|
|
\& \-p Processor type
|
|
\& \-v Kernel version
|
|
\& \-i Hardware platform
|
|
\& \-o OS name
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBunexpand\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "unexpand"
|
|
unexpand [\-fa][\-t N] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Convert spaces to tabs, writing to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-a Convert all blanks
|
|
\& \-f Convert only leading blanks
|
|
\& \-t N Tabstops every N chars
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBuniq\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "uniq"
|
|
uniq [\-cduiz] [\-f,s,w N] [\s-1FILE\s0 [\s-1OUTFILE\s0]]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Discard duplicate lines
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-c Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
|
|
\& \-d Only print duplicate lines
|
|
\& \-u Only print unique lines
|
|
\& \-i Ignore case
|
|
\& \-z NUL terminated output
|
|
\& \-f N Skip first N fields
|
|
\& \-s N Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
|
|
\& \-w N Compare N characters in line
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBunix2dos\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "unix2dos"
|
|
unix2dos [\-ud] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Convert \s-1FILE\s0 in-place from Unix to \s-1DOS\s0 format.
|
|
When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-u dos2unix
|
|
\& \-d unix2dos
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBunlink\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "unlink"
|
|
unlink \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Delete \s-1FILE\s0 by calling \fBunlink()\fR
|
|
.IP "\fBunlzma\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "unlzma"
|
|
unlzma [\-cfk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBunshare\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "unshare"
|
|
unshare [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& \-m,\-\-mount[=FILE] Unshare mount namespace
|
|
\& \-u,\-\-uts[=FILE] Unshare UTS namespace (hostname etc.)
|
|
\& \-i,\-\-ipc[=FILE] Unshare System V IPC namespace
|
|
\& \-n,\-\-net[=FILE] Unshare network namespace
|
|
\& \-p,\-\-pid[=FILE] Unshare PID namespace
|
|
\& \-U,\-\-user[=FILE] Unshare user namespace
|
|
\& \-f Fork before execing PROG
|
|
\& \-r Map current user to root (implies \-U)
|
|
\& \-\-mount\-proc[=DIR] Mount /proc filesystem first (implies \-m)
|
|
\& \-\-propagation slave|shared|private|unchanged
|
|
\& Modify mount propagation in mount namespace
|
|
\& \-\-setgroups allow|deny Control the setgroups syscall in user namespaces
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBunxz\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "unxz"
|
|
unxz [\-cfk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBunzip\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "unzip"
|
|
unzip [\-lnojpq] FILE[.zip] [\s-1FILE\s0]... [\-x \s-1FILE\s0]... [\-d \s-1DIR\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Extract FILEs from \s-1ZIP\s0 archive
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 9
|
|
\& \-l List contents (with \-q for short form)
|
|
\& \-n Never overwrite files (default: ask)
|
|
\& \-o Overwrite
|
|
\& \-j Do not restore paths
|
|
\& \-p Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-t Test
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-x FILE Exclude FILEs
|
|
\& \-d DIR Extract into DIR
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBuptime\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "uptime"
|
|
uptime
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Display the time since the last boot
|
|
.IP "\fBusers\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "users"
|
|
users
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print the users currently logged on
|
|
.IP "\fBusleep\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "usleep"
|
|
usleep N
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Pause for N microseconds
|
|
.IP "\fBuudecode\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "uudecode"
|
|
uudecode [\-o \s-1OUTFILE\s0] [\s-1INFILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Uudecode a file
|
|
Finds \s-1OUTFILE\s0 in uuencoded source unless \-o is given
|
|
.IP "\fBuuencode\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "uuencode"
|
|
uuencode [\-m] [\s-1FILE\s0] \s-1STORED_FILENAME\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Uuencode \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin) to stdout
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-m Use base64 encoding per RFC1521
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBvconfig\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "vconfig"
|
|
vconfig \s-1COMMAND\s0 [\s-1OPTIONS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Create and remove virtual ethernet devices
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 6
|
|
\& add IFACE VLAN_ID
|
|
\& rem VLAN_NAME
|
|
\& set_flag IFACE 0|1 VLAN_QOS
|
|
\& set_egress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
|
|
\& set_ingress_map VLAN_NAME SKB_PRIO VLAN_QOS
|
|
\& set_name_type NAME_TYPE
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBvi\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "vi"
|
|
vi [\-c \s-1CMD\s0] [\-R] [\-H] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Edit \s-1FILE\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-c CMD Initial command to run ($EXINIT and ~/.exrc also available)
|
|
\& \-R Read\-only
|
|
\& \-H List available features
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBvlock\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "vlock"
|
|
vlock [\-a]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-a Lock all VTs
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBvolname\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "volname"
|
|
volname [\s-1DEVICE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show \s-1CD\s0 volume name of the \s-1DEVICE\s0 (default /dev/cdrom)
|
|
.IP "\fBw\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "w"
|
|
w
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show who is logged on
|
|
.IP "\fBwall\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "wall"
|
|
wall [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Write content of \s-1FILE\s0 or stdin to all logged-in users
|
|
.IP "\fBwatch\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "watch"
|
|
watch [\-n \s-1SEC\s0] [\-t] \s-1PROG ARGS\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 periodically
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-n SEC Period (default 2)
|
|
\& \-t Don\*(Aqt print header
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBwatchdog\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "watchdog"
|
|
watchdog [\-t N[ms]] [\-T N[ms]] [\-F] \s-1DEV\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Periodically write to watchdog device \s-1DEV\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& \-T N Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
|
|
\& \-t N Reset every N seconds (default 30)
|
|
\& \-F Run in foreground
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds
|
|
.IP "\fBwc\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "wc"
|
|
wc [\-cmlwL] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Count lines, words, and bytes for FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-c Count bytes
|
|
\& \-m Count characters
|
|
\& \-l Count newlines
|
|
\& \-w Count words
|
|
\& \-L Print longest line length
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBwget\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "wget"
|
|
wget [\-cqS] [\-\-spider] [\-O \s-1FILE\s0] [\-o \s-1LOGFILE\s0] [\-\-header \s-1STR\s0]
|
|
[\-\-post\-data \s-1STR\s0 | \-\-post\-file \s-1FILE\s0] [\-Y on/off]
|
|
[\-\-no\-check\-certificate] [\-P \s-1DIR\s0] [\-U \s-1AGENT\s0] [\-T \s-1SEC\s0] \s-1URL...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Retrieve files via \s-1HTTP\s0 or \s-1FTP\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 10
|
|
\& \-\-spider Only check URL existence: $? is 0 if exists
|
|
\& \-\-header STR Add STR (of form \*(Aqheader: value\*(Aq) to headers
|
|
\& \-\-post\-data STR Send STR using POST method
|
|
\& \-\-post\-file FILE Send FILE using POST method
|
|
\& \-\-no\-check\-certificate Don\*(Aqt validate the server\*(Aqs certificate
|
|
\& \-c Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
|
|
\& \-q Quiet
|
|
\& \-P DIR Save to DIR (default .)
|
|
\& \-S Show server response
|
|
\& \-T SEC Network read timeout is SEC seconds
|
|
\& \-O FILE Save to FILE (\*(Aq\-\*(Aq for stdout)
|
|
\& \-o LOGFILE Log messages to FILE
|
|
\& \-U STR Use STR for User\-Agent header
|
|
\& \-Y on/off Use proxy
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBwhich\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "which"
|
|
which [\-a] \s-1COMMAND...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Locate \s-1COMMAND\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& \-a Show all matches
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBwho\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "who"
|
|
who [\-aH]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Show who is logged on
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-a Show all
|
|
\& \-H Print column headers
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBwhoami\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "whoami"
|
|
whoami
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Print the user name associated with the current effective user id
|
|
.IP "\fBwhois\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "whois"
|
|
whois [\-i] [\-h \s-1SERVER\s0] [\-p \s-1PORT\s0] \s-1NAME...\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Query \s-1WHOIS\s0 info about \s-1NAME\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& \-i Show redirect results too
|
|
\& \-h,\-p Server to query
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBxargs\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "xargs"
|
|
xargs [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] [\s-1PROG ARGS\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Run \s-1PROG\s0 on every item given by stdin
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 12
|
|
\& \-0 NUL terminated input
|
|
\& \-a FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin
|
|
\& \-o Reopen stdin as /dev/tty
|
|
\& \-r Don\*(Aqt run command if input is empty
|
|
\& \-t Print the command on stderr before execution
|
|
\& \-p Ask user whether to run each command
|
|
\& \-E STR,\-e[STR] STR stops input processing
|
|
\& \-I STR Replace STR within PROG ARGS with input line
|
|
\& \-n N Pass no more than N args to PROG
|
|
\& \-s N Pass command line of no more than N bytes
|
|
\& \-P N Run up to N PROGs in parallel
|
|
\& \-x Exit if size is exceeded
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBxxd\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "xxd"
|
|
xxd [\-pri] [\-g N] [\-c N] [\-l \s-1LEN\s0] [\-s \s-1OFS\s0] [\-o \s-1OFS\s0] [\s-1FILE\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Hex dump \s-1FILE\s0 (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 8
|
|
\& \-g N Bytes per group
|
|
\& \-c N Bytes per line
|
|
\& \-p Show only hex bytes, assumes \-c30
|
|
\& \-i C include file style
|
|
\& \-l LENGTH Show only first LENGTH bytes
|
|
\& \-s OFFSET Skip OFFSET bytes
|
|
\& \-o OFFSET Add OFFSET to displayed offset
|
|
\& \-r Reverse (with \-p, assumes no offsets in input)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBxz\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "xz"
|
|
xz \-d [\-cfk] [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress FILEs (or stdin)
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-d Decompress
|
|
\& \-c Write to stdout
|
|
\& \-f Force
|
|
\& \-k Keep input files
|
|
\& \-t Test integrity
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.IP "\fBxzcat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "xzcat"
|
|
xzcat [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress to stdout
|
|
.IP "\fByes\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "yes"
|
|
yes [\s-1STRING\s0]
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Repeatedly print a line with \s-1STRING,\s0 or 'y'
|
|
.IP "\fBzcat\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "zcat"
|
|
zcat [\s-1FILE\s0]...
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Decompress to stdout
|
|
.IP "\fBzcip\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "zcip"
|
|
zcip [\s-1OPTIONS\s0] \s-1IFACE SCRIPT\s0
|
|
.Sp
|
|
Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address
|
|
.Sp
|
|
.Vb 5
|
|
\& \-f Run in foreground
|
|
\& \-q Quit after obtaining address
|
|
\& \-r 169.254.x.x Request this address first
|
|
\& \-l x.x.0.0 Use this range instead of 169.254
|
|
\& \-v Verbose
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.Sp
|
|
\&\f(CW$LOGGING\fR=none Suppress logging
|
|
\&\f(CW$LOGGING\fR=syslog Log to syslog
|
|
.Sp
|
|
With no \-q, runs continuously monitoring for \s-1ARP\s0 conflicts,
|
|
exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)
|
|
.SH "LIBC NSS"
|
|
.IX Header "LIBC NSS"
|
|
\&\s-1GNU\s0 Libc (glibc) uses the Name Service Switch (\s-1NSS\s0) to configure the behavior
|
|
of the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads
|
|
system data, such as passwords and group information. This is implemented
|
|
using an /etc/nsswitch.conf configuration file, and using one or more of the
|
|
/lib/libnss_* libraries. BusyBox tries to avoid using any libc calls that make
|
|
use of \s-1NSS.\s0 Some applets however, such as login and su, will use libc functions
|
|
that require \s-1NSS.\s0
|
|
.PP
|
|
If you enable \s-1CONFIG_USE_BB_PWD_GRP,\s0 BusyBox will use internal functions to
|
|
directly access the /etc/passwd, /etc/group, and /etc/shadow files without
|
|
using \s-1NSS.\s0 This may allow you to run your system without the need for
|
|
installing any of the \s-1NSS\s0 configuration files and libraries.
|
|
.PP
|
|
When used with glibc, the BusyBox 'networking' applets will similarly require
|
|
that you install at least some of the glibc \s-1NSS\s0 stuff (in particular,
|
|
/etc/nsswitch.conf, /lib/libnss_dns*, /lib/libnss_files*, and /lib/libresolv*).
|
|
.PP
|
|
Shameless Plug: As an alternative, one could use a C library such as uClibc. In
|
|
addition to making your system significantly smaller, uClibc does not require the
|
|
use of any \s-1NSS\s0 support files or libraries.
|
|
.SH "MAINTAINER"
|
|
.IX Header "MAINTAINER"
|
|
Denis Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
|
|
.SH "AUTHORS"
|
|
.IX Header "AUTHORS"
|
|
The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it or
|
|
not. If you have written code included in BusyBox, you should probably be
|
|
listed here so you can obtain your bit of eternal glory. If you should be
|
|
listed here, or the description of what you have done needs more detail, or is
|
|
incorrect, please send in an update.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Emanuele Aina <emanuele.aina@tiscali.it>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& run\-parts
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Erik Andersen <andersen@codepoet.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& Tons of new stuff, major rewrite of most of the
|
|
\& core apps, tons of new apps as noted in header files.
|
|
\& Lots of tedious effort writing these boring docs that
|
|
\& nobody is going to actually read.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Laurence Anderson <l.d.anderson@warwick.ac.uk>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& rpm2cpio, unzip, get_header_cpio, read_gz interface, rpm
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Jeff Angielski <jeff@theptrgroup.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& ftpput, ftpget
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Edward Betts <edward@debian.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& expr, hostid, logname, whoami
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
John Beppu <beppu@codepoet.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& du, nslookup, sort
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& tiny\-ls(ls)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& fbset, ping, hostname
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& more(v2), makedevs, dutmp, modularization, auto links file,
|
|
\& various fixes, Linux Router Project maintenance
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& ipcalc
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Magnus Damm <damm@opensource.se>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& tftp client insmod powerpc support
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Larry Doolittle <ldoolitt@recycle.lbl.gov>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& pristine source directory compilation, lots of patches and fixes.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Glenn Engel <glenne@engel.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& httpd
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Gennady Feldman <gfeldman@gena01.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& Sysklogd (single threaded syslogd, IPC Circular buffer support,
|
|
\& logread), various fixes.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& cp_mv.c, the test suite, various fixes to utility.c, &c.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Daniel Jacobowitz <dan@debian.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& mktemp.c
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Matt Kraai <kraai@alumni.cmu.edu>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& documentation, bugfixes, test suite
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Stephan Linz <linz@li\-pro.net>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& ipcalc, Red Hat equivalence
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& tr
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Glenn McGrath <bug1@iinet.net.au>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& Common unarchiving code and unarchiving applets, ifupdown, ftpgetput,
|
|
\& nameif, sed, patch, fold, install, uudecode.
|
|
\& Various bugfixes, review and apply numerous patches.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Manuel Novoa \s-1III\s0 <mjn3@codepoet.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 3
|
|
\& cat, head, mkfifo, mknod, rmdir, sleep, tee, tty, uniq, usleep, wc, yes,
|
|
\& mesg, vconfig, make_directory, parse_mode, dirname, mode_string,
|
|
\& get_last_path_component, simplify_path, and a number trivial libbb routines
|
|
\&
|
|
\& also bug fixes, partial rewrites, and size optimizations in
|
|
\& ash, basename, cal, cmp, cp, df, du, echo, env, ln, logname, md5sum, mkdir,
|
|
\& mv, realpath, rm, sort, tail, touch, uname, watch, arith, human_readable,
|
|
\& interface, dutmp, ifconfig, route
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Vladimir Oleynik <dzo@simtreas.ru>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 4
|
|
\& cmdedit; xargs(current), httpd(current);
|
|
\& ports: ash, crond, fdisk, inetd, stty, traceroute, top;
|
|
\& locale, various fixes
|
|
\& and irreconcilable critic of everything not perfect.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Bruce Perens <bruce@pixar.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& Original author of BusyBox in 1995, 1996. Some of his code can
|
|
\& still be found hiding here and there...
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& bug fixes, member of fan club
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Kent Robotti <robotti@metconnect.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& reset, tons and tons of bug reports and patches.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Chip Rosenthal <chip@unicom.com>, <crosenth@covad.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& wget \- Contributed by permission of Covad Communications
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Pavel Roskin <proski@gnu.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& Lots of bugs fixes and patches.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Gyepi Sam <gyepi@praxis\-sw.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& Remote logging feature for syslogd
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& mkswap, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Mark Whitley <markw@codepoet.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& grep, sed, cut, xargs(previous),
|
|
\& style\-guide, new\-applet\-HOWTO, bug fixes, etc.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& gzip, mini\-netcat(nc)
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& tarcat (since removed), loadkmap, various fixes, Debian maintenance
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Tito Ragusa <farmatito@tiscali.it>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& devfsd and size optimizations in strings, openvt and deallocvt.
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Paul Fox <pgf@foxharp.boston.ma.us>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& vi editing mode for ash, various other patches/fixes
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Roberto A. Foglietta <me@roberto.foglietta.name>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& port: dnsd
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Bernhard Reutner-Fischer <rep.dot.nop@gmail.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& misc
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& initial e2fsprogs, printenv, setarch, sum, misc
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& fixed two bugs in msh and hush (exitcode of killed processes)
|
|
.Ve
|